March 23, 1914 – March 23, 1997
Russian, Soviet engineer-geologist and soil scientist, a leading scientist in the field of engineering geology, a talented teacher and organizer of geological science, professor of the department
Biography
Born into the family of an employee. After graduating from the Moscow Topographical College (1932), he worked for three years as a topographer at Far East. In 1935, having returned to Moscow, he entered Moscow University with which his entire future life was connected. At Moscow State University he went from a student in the department of soil science (1935-1940), an assistant in the same department (1941, 1943-1944), an associate professor (1944-1952) to a professor (since 1953) and head of the department of soil science and engineering geology (1954 -1989). At the same time, he was elected dean of the geological faculty of Moscow State University (1954-1957, 1963-1964), was the vice-rector of Moscow State University for scientific and educational work of natural sciences, and the first vice-rector of Moscow State University (1969-1978). He was one of the initiators of the construction of a new building for Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills. In 1981-1986. was the rector of the Academy national economy under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War E. M. Sergeev went to the front, in July-August 1941 he was commander of a reserve platoon command staff southwest direction. From September 1941 to July 1942 he served in reconnaissance of the 199th division of the 38th Army and fought on the Southwestern, Southeastern, and 4th Ukrainian fronts. From July to the end of December 1942 he participated in Battle of Stalingrad, served in the intelligence department of the headquarters of a number of fronts. In June 1943, he was seriously wounded, lost a leg, and was demobilized from the front with the rank of major.
Scientific activities
In 1943, after returning to the Department of Soil Science of the Faculty of Geology and Soils of Moscow State University, E. M. Sergeev began to actively engage in scientific, pedagogical and scientific-organizational activities and proved himself, first of all, as a talented soil scientist. In 1944, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic “Heat of Wetting of Soils,” in which, based on the parameters of the heat of wetting, he identified and studied the adsorption centers of the mineral surface of various soils and the energy characteristics of bound water in them. In 1946 he published " Selected Chapters general soil science" - the prototype of the future textbook "Ground Science", which subsequently became widely known. In addition, in the 1940s - early 1950s. he developed and introduced new methods and approaches to studying rocks as soils; correlations between some properties of soils were studied (1947); genetic (1948), general (1950, 1957) and specific (1951, 1953) classifications of soils were created; the concept of “optimal compaction load” was introduced (1949); The nature of the strength of dispersed soils (1949, 1951), swelling, shrinkage and stickiness of clays, and subsidence of loess were studied.
In 1952, E. M. Sergeev defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Genesis and composition of soils as the basis for the classification and study of their properties.”
Under his leadership, the engineering and geological features of many genetic types sandy, loess, clayey, carbonate and other soils. He significantly developed the doctrine of bound water in soils and its energy forms.
His scientific developments are widely used in predicting the behavior of soils as foundations for various structures. Under his leadership and with his direct participation, engineering and geological research was carried out along the route of the Main Turkmen Canal (1951-1953), along the valleys of the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Amur (1954-1961) in order to create schemes for the use of hydropower resources of these rivers, engineering -geological study Eastern Siberia (1960-1963), Western Siberia(1961-1975) and the Non-Black Earth Zone of the RSFSR (1976-1981) in connection with the discovery of the largest oil and gas fields and the economic development of these territories. A series of works on the engineering geology of Western Siberia, carried out under the leadership of E. M. Sergeev, was awarded the USSR State Prize (1977).
Under his leadership, a methodology for engineering geological mapping and mapping of large territories was created. The brilliant conclusion of the work was the 8-volume monograph “Engineering Geology of the USSR”, awarded the Lenin Prize (1982), in the creation of which, under the leadership of E.M. Sergeev, many prominent engineering geologists of the country took part. Since the turn of the 1970-1980s. E. M. Sergeev developed issues of geology environment, rational use and protection of the geological environment. He laid the foundations for the doctrine of the geological environment, its rational use and protection; defined engineering geology as the science of the geological environment. These works largely predetermined modern development geoecology and environmental geology.
Evgeniy Mikhailovich Sergeev(March 23, Moscow - March 23, Moscow) - Soviet engineer-geologist and soil scientist, scientist in the field of engineering geology, professor of the Department of Engineering Geology and Protection of the Geological Environment, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov (), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (, corresponding member), laureate of the Lenin () and State Prizes of the USSR (,), Lomonosov Prize of Moscow State University, head. Department of Soil Science and Eng. geology (, from - department of engineering geology and protection of the geological environment) of the geological faculty of Moscow State University, participant of the Second World War, labor veteran. In his honor, the scientific conference Sergeev’s Readings is held annually.
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Born into the family of an employee. After graduating from the Moscow Topographical College (), he worked for three years as a topographer in the Far East. In the city, returning to Moscow, he entered Moscow University with which his entire future life was connected. At Moscow State University, he went from a student in the department of soil science (-), an assistant in the same department (, -), an associate professor (-) to a professor (since) and head of the department of soil science and engineering geology (-). At the same time, he was elected dean of the geological faculty of Moscow State University (-, -), was the vice-rector of Moscow State University for scientific and educational work of natural sciences, and the first vice-rector of Moscow State University (-). He was one of the initiators of the construction of a new building for Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills. In - gg. was the rector of the Academy of National Economy under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, E.M. Sergeev went to the front, in July-August he was the commander of a platoon of reserve command personnel in the southwestern direction. From September to July he served in reconnaissance of the 199th division of the 38th Army and fought on the Southwestern, Southeastern, and 4th Ukrainian fronts. From July to the end of December he took part in the Battle of Stalingrad, serving in the intelligence department of the headquarters of a number of fronts. In June he was seriously wounded, lost a leg, and was demobilized from the front with the rank of major.
Scientific activities
Under his leadership, a methodology for engineering geological mapping and mapping of large territories was created. The brilliant conclusion of the work was the 8-volume monograph “Engineering Geology of the USSR”, awarded the Lenin Prize (), in the creation of which, under the leadership of E. M. Sergeev, many prominent engineering geologists of the country took part. Since the turn of the s. E. M. Sergeev developed issues of environmental geology, rational use and protection of the geological environment. He laid the foundations for the doctrine of the geological environment, its rational use and protection; defined engineering geology as the science of the geological environment. These works largely predetermined the modern development of geoecology and ecological geology.
Scientific and organizational activities
E. M. Sergeev was the largest organizer of engineering-geological science in our country; he created the Scientific Council on Engineering Geology and Soil Science at the Department of Earth Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences and for about 30 years was its permanent chairman (since , transformed into the Scientific Council on Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology and Geocryology). He was Chairman of the Engineering Geology Section National Committee geologists of the USSR, vice-president (-) and president (-) of the International Association of Engineer-Geologists (IAIG); chairman and deputy Chairman of Geology and Geophysics. sections of the Committee for Lenin and State Prizes of the USSR; Chairman of the Geology and Mining Section of the Commission for Awarding Prizes of the USSR Council of Ministers (-); member of the Bureau of the Department of Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences; Chairman of the Society for Cultural Relations "USSR-Iran" (). He created and was the editor-in-chief of the journal Engineering Geology (-); was the chairman of the editorial board of the journal “Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser. biology, soil science, geology and geography" and the "Geology" series. Thanks to the organizational activities of E.M. Sergeev, engineering geology became an independent science of the geological cycle in our country.
Pedagogical activity
E. M. Sergeev has established himself as a talented teacher. He devoted almost 50 years to the development of higher university education and the training of highly qualified geological personnel at Moscow University and in the country. In - gg. he was a member of the administrative council of the International Association of Universities. Repeatedly spoke at the boards of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education on development issues high school, improving geological education; was a member of a number of commissions of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education; chairman of scientific and methodological Council for Higher Geological Education of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education; member of the Plenum of the Higher Attestation Commission at the USSR Council of Ministers, member of the Expert Council of the Higher Attestation Commission, member and chairman of the geological section of the Higher Attestation Commission at the USSR Ministry of Higher Education. He created and taught the course “Soil Science” at Moscow State University for decades (c). E. M. Sergeev is the author of the textbook “Soil Science”, awarded State Prize, and “Engineering Geology” (two editions). E. M. Sergeev created a university school of engineering geologists, numerous graduates of the department of soil science and engineering geology and students of |. Sergeev became the largest scientists in the leading engineering and geological organizations of our country. Among his direct students are Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. I. Osipov, professors V. T. Trofimov, S. D. Voronkevich, R. S. Ziangirov, Yu. B. Osipov, V. A. Korolev, K. A. Kozhobaev, as well as doctors of science V. N. Sokolov, E. N. Kolomensky, V. I. Sergeev, N. Than and others.
E. M. Sergeev trained about 70 candidates of science in the field of engineering geology: among them G. A. Kuprina (1953), A. V. Minervin (1959), A. S. Gerasimova (1960), B. S. Pavlov (1961), Zhao-Tse-San (1963), N. S. Krasilova (1963), Yu. A. Seregina (1964), M. V. Slonimskaya (1967), Yu. D. Matveev (1970) , S. B. Ershova (1971), L. A. Kotseruba, V. N. Kolomenskaya (1974), N. I. Barats (1974), V. M. Semenov (1976), Kh. L. Rakhmatullaev, B T. Trofimov (1977), S. D. Filimonov (1979), D. V. Borodulina (1979), S. K. Nikolaeva (1982), Z. V. Kulikova (1983), T. V. Maksimova ( 1984), N.V. Kolomiytsev (1985), N.G. Mavlyanov (1986), S.D. Balykova (Efremenko) (1991), etc.
E. M. Sergeev formed a large team at the department researchers and teachers - students, associates and like-minded people in the field of engineering geology. Among them are Abalikhin I. A., Abramova T. T., Afonskaya L. G., Badu Yu. B., Balashaitis E.-S. I., Balykova S. D., Baranova V. I., Barmin E. N., Bakhireva L. V., Bezruk V. M., Belousova L. G., Berezkina G. M., Biryukova O. N. , Bolotina I. N., Vasilyeva V. I., Volnukhin V. G., Voronkevich S. D., Gerasimova A. S., Golodkovskaya G. A., Goncharova L. V., Gruzdov A. V., Dementieva O. V., Demidyuk L. M., Divisilova V. I., Evdokimova L. A., Emelyanov S. N., Ershova S. B., Ziangirov R. S., Ziling D. G., Zlochevskaya R. I., Zolotarev G. S., Ivanov M. M., Ilyinskaya G. G., Kagner (Polteva) M. N., Kadkina E. L., Kalachev V. Ya., Kalini E. V., Kashperyuk P . I., Kovalko V. V., Kolomenskaya V. N., Kolomensky E. N., Komissarova N. N., Konopleva V. I., Kopteva-Dvornikova M. D., Korolev V. A., Kotlov V. F., Kotseruba L. A., Krasilova N. S., Krivosheeva Z. A., Kropotkin M. P., Kudryashov V. G., Kuprina G. A., Kurinov M. B., Kutepov V. M. ., Ladygin V. M., Larionova N. A., Lipilin V. I., Makeeva T. G., Maksimov S. N., Mamaev Yu. A., Makhorin A. A., Melnikov P. F., Minervin A. V., Nikitin V. N., Nikolaeva S. K., Novik N. K., Ogorodnikova E. N., Ozmidov O. R., Ornatsky N. V., Osipov V. I., Osiporv Yu B., Panasyan L. L., Petrenko S. I., Piotrovskaya T. Yu., Polyakov S. S., Pometun V. D., Popov I. V., Ragozin A. V., Rekshinskaya L. G. ., Reutskaya N. N., Root P. E., Rumyantseva N. A., Samoilov V. G., Sasov A. Yu., Selivanov V. A., Semenov V. M., Sergeev V. I., Seregina Yu. A., Soklov B. A., Sokolov V. N., Tankaeva L. K., Tereshkov G. M., Tereshkova L. P., Troitskaya M. N., Trofimov B. T., Trofimov V. T., Trufmanova E. P., Fadeev P. I., Fedorenko V. S., Fedorov V. M., Filimonov S. D., Filkin N. A., Firsov N. G., Flamina M. N. ., Shariy A. A., Shaumyan L. V., Sheko A. I., Shibakova V. S., Shirokov V. N., Shlykov V. G., Yakovleva V. F. and many others. Working as the first vice-rector Moscow State University, E. M. Sergeev organized the country's largest advanced training faculty (FPC) at Moscow State University. On the basis of the Faculty of Education and Training of Moscow State University, the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR held seminars for the management staff of higher education. With the direct participation of E. M. Sergeev, Mordovian state university. He was elected honorary doctor of Bratislava (1972) and Warsaw (1974) universities; member of the administrative council of the International Association of Universities (1965-1970); resp. Secretary of the Organizing Committee of the IV General Conference of the International Association of Universities (1970-1975).
History and methodology of engineering geology
E.M. Sergeev paid a lot of attention to issues of history and methodology of geology, in particular, soil science and engineering. geology. Starting from the first such work - “Soviet soil science” (1946), he constantly addressed these issues (1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1962, 1963, 1988, 1992, etc.), wrote a number of works related to names (rus .) (2004). Retrieved January 15, 2011. Archived May 12, 2012.
- Sergeev E. M. New methods for determining the heat of wetting of soils. - Soil Science, No. 5, 1946, p. 289-300
- Sergeev E. M. Selected chapters of general soil science. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1946, - 107 p.
- Sergeev E. M. On the issue of correlation between some soil properties. - Bulletin of Moscow State University, ser. physics and mathematics and natural Sciences, No. 2, 1947, p. 69-91
- Sergeev E. M. The concept of optimal soil compaction load. - Vestn. Moscow State University, ser. physics and mathematics and natural Sciences, No. 10, 1949, p. 115-130
- Sergeev E. M. On the question of the nature of the mechanical strength of dispersed soils. - Teacher zap. Moscow State University, vol. 133. Ground science, book 1, 1949, p. 89-117
- Sergeev E. M. General soil science. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1952, - 383 p.
- Sergeev E. M. Granulometric classification of sands. - Vestn. Moscow State University, ser. physics and mathematics and natural Sciences, No. 12, 1953, p. 101-109
- Sergeev E. M. Regarding the relationship between the granulometric and mineralogical composition of soils. - Vestn. Moscow State University, ser. physics and mathematics and natural Sciences, No. 2, 1954, p. 41-49
- Sergeev E. M., Ornatsky N. V., Shekhtman Yu. M. Study of sand clogging. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1955, - 182 p.
- Sergeev E. M. Bound water in soils and its influence on their dispersion and microstructure. - Teacher zap. Moscow State University, vol. 176. Geology, 1956, p. 221-231
- Sergeev E. M., Priklonsky V. A., Panyukov P. N., Bely L. D. General engineering-geol. classification of rocks and soils. - Tr. meeting in engineering-geol. Holy rocks and methods of their study. Volume II - M., Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1957, p. 18-44
- Sergeev E. M. Soil science / Textbook. Ed. 2nd revision - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1959, −426 p.
- Sergeev E. M. Geology and construction. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1962, - 100 p.
- Sergeev E. M., Ilyinskaya G. G., Rekshinskaya L. G., Trofimov V. T. On the distribution of clay minerals in connection with their geological engineering. studying. - Vestn. Moscow State University, series 4, geol., No. 3, 1963, p. 3-9
- Sergeev E. M. Once again about engineering geology. - In the collection: Paths further development Eng. geology / Mat. discussions of the 1st Int. congr. by Eng. geol. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1971, p. 117-123
- Sergeev E. M., Gerasimova A. S., Trofimov V. T. Explanatory note to geological engineer. map of the West Siberian plate. Scale 1:500,000. - M., 1972, - 96 p.
- Soil science/.Ed. E. M. Sergeeva, (co-author) - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 3rd ed. 1971. - 595 pp. // 5th ed. 1983. - 392 p.
- Sergeev E. M. Engineering geology / Textbook. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1st ed. 1978 // 2nd ed. 1982. - 248 p.
- Sergeev E. M. Engineering geology is the science of the geological environment. - Eng. Geology, 1979, No. 1, p. 3-19
- Sergeev E. M., Shvetsov P. F., Kotlov F. V., Osipov V. I. Engineering geology in the USSR. - Eng. Geology, No. 6, 1982, p. 3-12
- Sergeev E. M. Behind the line of the front letter. - M., Military Publishing House, 1985
- Theoretical foundations of engineering geology. Geol. fundamentals / Edited by E. M. Sergeev (department of the chapter). - M., Nedra, 1985, - 332 p.
- Theoretical foundations of engineering geology. Socio-economic aspects / Edited by E. M. Sergeev (department of the chapter). - M., Nedra, 1985, - 259 p.
- Sergeev E. M. Problems of engineering geol. in connection with the tasks of rational use and protection of geol. environment. - In the collection: Problems of rationality. use of geol. environment. - M., Nauka, 1988, pp. 5-21.
- Sergeev E. M. Position of Eng. geology in the section geol. sciences, her current state and ways for further development. - Eng. Geology, No. 2, 1989, p. 5-14
- Sergeev E. M. Moscow University. A look through the years. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1992. - 272 p.
- Sergeev E. M., Osipov V. I., Shibakova V. S. On the activities of the Scientific Council of the Academy of Sciences on engineering problems. geology and hydrogeology for 25 years (1966-1991). - Eng. Geology, 1992, No. 3, p. 3-11
Literature
- Memories of Academician E. M. Sergeev(on the occasion of his 90th birthday). / Ed. V. I. Osipova and V. T. Trofimova. - M., GEOS, 2004, p.
- Professors of Moscow University. 1755-2004: Biographical Dictionary. Volume 2: M-Ya / Auto.-comp. A. G. Ryabukhin, G. V. Bryantseva. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 2005, p. 373-374
- Korolev V. A., Gerasimova A. S., Krivosheeva Z. A. Engineer-geologists of Moscow University. Biographical and bibliographic reference book / Ed. V. T. Trofimova. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1998, p. 138-141
- Osipov V.I. Evgenij Mikhailovitch Sergeev // Bull. Int. Ass. Engng Geol. 1984. N 28. P. 3-4.
Institutes, observatories
Institute of Geoecology named after. E.M. Sergeev RAS
A. D. ZHIGALIN,
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Institute of Geoecology RAS
For more than 10 years in Russian Academy Sciences there is an Institute of Geoecology. During this short time, the formation of the Institute took place. Today it can rightfully be called an academic outpost of geoecology in our country.
MAN AND NATURE
In the 21st century, traditional contradictions in the sphere of industrial relations are being replaced by fundamentally new ones - contradictions in the relationship between man and nature. One of the signs of this turning point is the increase in the number of natural, man-made and environmental disasters, which, if not resisted, threaten to turn into a monstrous mechanism of self-destruction of man and everything created by his mind, art and labor on Earth. The rapid and inevitable transformation of the biosphere into the noosphere, driven by and
as reality shows, only partly controlled by man, has highlighted the most serious problem of preserving the Earth as our common home. Will the Earth be able to withstand the onslaught of a well-equipped (I don’t want to say “armed”) technocratic civilization, or will one day suddenly decide to get rid of it, leaving instead of a restless tribe of people who are completely tolerant and fit well into the the world around us fauna and flora? Will humanity, in turn, be able to, realizing that it has become significant, according to V.I. Vernadsky, geological force, and calling on the creative power of reason, knowledge and accumulated experience to help, correctly assess the alarming situation that has arisen and find the right way out of it?
Geoecology studies the shells of the Earth (geosphere) and the changes occurring in them under the influence of natural and man-made factors, predetermining
There is special attention to the environment during the industrial and construction development of new territories, during the intensification of already used lands, during the extraction and processing of minerals. The goal of geoecological science is to minimize changes that are detrimental to living nature, the most restless and, perhaps, aggressive part of which is man, accompanying the forward movement of technocratic civilization.
BASED ON ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
The idea of forming an academic institution that could deal with the problems of engineering geology, hydrogeology and geoecology belonged to one of the founders Russian school engineering geology to academician E.M. Sergeev. This idea at one time found support in the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Moscow State University.
© Zhigalin A.D.
Academician E.M. Sergeev (1914-1998), a leading specialist in the field of engineering geology and hydrogeology, organizer of the Institute of Geoecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Since 2006 The institute bears his name.
clan council of people's deputies. As a result, in 1990, the Engineering-Geological and Geoecological Research Center arose, which was subsequently transformed into the Institute of Geoecology (IGE) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which on November 21, 2006, by decision of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was named after Academician E.M. Sergeeva.
The Institute of Geoecology was formed by a resolution of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences dated May 21, 1996. It combines the scientific potential of Engineering-geological and environmental scientific center RAS, the Scientific-Engineering and Coordination Seismological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as the Integrated Laboratory of Hydrogeology and Environmental Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the State Committee for Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Over the years since its founding, the Institute has formed a multidisciplinary scientific team, which now conducts research in 16 laboratories. The Institute employs 120 people, including 85 researchers. Among the employees are 1 academician, 2 corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 12 doctors and 46 candidates of science, 3 honored scientists of the Russian Federation, employees awarded with Certificates of Honor from the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Geoecological
Geology is the base organization of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on problems of geoecology, engineering geology and hydrogeology. The Institute is one of the founders of the journal "Geoecology. Engineering Geology. Hydrogeology. Geocryology" published by the Academy of Sciences. As a tribute to academician E.M. Sergeev, the man who gave the Institute its start in life, annually holds the Sergeev Readings conferences. Interest in these conferences is very great, they have already become international: scientists from France, the Netherlands, Vietnam, Bulgaria and other countries took part in their work
near and far abroad.
GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF LARGE CITIES
When creating the Engineering-Geological and Geoecological Research Center - the forerunner of today's Institute of Geoecology - one of the main areas of research was the study of the geological environment of cities.
As scientists have established, the geological foundation of Moscow has a complex structure, changing in vertical and horizontal directions. Thus, the depth of occurrence of crystalline rocks is
Director of the Institute of Geoecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician V.I. Osipov opens the annual Sergeev Readings. On the right is Ed de Mulder (Netherlands), on the left is M. Arnoux (France) and Russian ecologist B.M. Zubarev.
located at the base of the geological substrate of the city, in the northern part it is almost one and a half kilometers less than in the southern part. The border between them runs along a deep fault. The complexity of the geological foundation of Moscow, like many other cities, creates great difficulties in expanding the city's borders, building residential areas and industrial enterprises, laying transport routes and developing underground space. Therefore, the Institute was assigned the role of scientific curator of almost all special
important objects within Moscow. In the recent past, these were the Third Transport Ring, the Lefortovo Tunnel and the monorail. Now the Institute provides scientific support for the construction of high-rise buildings in the capital.
Many years of research into the geological structure of the Moscow territory and the current geo-ecological situation culminated in the creation of a remarkable scientific work. The fruit of collaboration between the Institute’s staff and many scientific, design and production
local organizations - the book "Moscow. Geology and the City", which was published in 1997. This monograph sets out modern ideas about geological structure city, its groundwater ah and geological processes, man-made geophysical fields. For the first time, based on a large amount of factual material, the problem of the city’s impact on the geological environment was considered, an assessment of the geological and geochemical risk of the city territory was given, the possibilities of managing geological processes and ensuring
Scheme of the geological foundation of the Moscow territory, compiled at the Institute of Geoecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. At a depth of 1.5 km to 2.5 km in the southwestern part of the city there are crystalline basement rocks, above which there is a sedimentary cover. Along the banks of the river Landslide-prone areas have been discovered in Moscow. One of them is located on Vorobyovy Gory, not far from the building of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. Taking into account the danger of karst and landslides, IGE specialists are developing special measures to ensure safe construction in a metropolis.
The Institute of Geoecology took an active part in the creation of a unique engineering structure - the Lefortovo tunnel on the route of the Third Transport Ring in Moscow. The tunnel, the depth of which in some areas reaches 50 m, was built in difficult engineering and geological conditions. Basically, its route passed through Carboniferous limestones, crossing younger (Jurassic, Cretaceous and Quaternary) rocks at the entrance and exit.
city safety cookies. Thanks to the information collected in it, this book can be considered as a geoecological encyclopedia of Moscow, the largest metropolis in our country, and at the same time a reference and even training manual on geology and geoecology of many cities, both large, medium and small in terms of the number of inhabitants and the level of industrial production. In 2002, the monograph “Moscow. Geology and the City” and the team of its authors were awarded the Moscow City Hall Prize in the field of environmental protection.
GEOECOLOGICAL DIRECTION
Many studies conducted by the Institute's staff over the years are aimed at mitigating environmental tensions in the relationship between man and the environment. The Map of the Integral Risk of an Emergency of Moderate Severity on the Territory of Russia, caused by hydrometeorological and geological hazards, created at the Institute, can be considered as an important contribution to reducing economic damage and the number of victims in natural disasters, natural and man-made disasters. Information presented in the form of a cartographic model helps to make the right choice when locating construction and industrial
existing objects, plan a state strategy for the development of new territories and intensification of the use of already developed ones.
A notable milestone in the study of natural and man-made hazards and a significant contribution of the Institute’s staff to geoecological science was the systematic generalization of the mechanisms of occurrence of a wide range of hazardous natural processes. They are often the sources emergency situations and social upheaval. The Institute has established patterns and main trends in the increase in the number of natural and man-made disasters, and examined methods for studying, forecasting and assessing the consequences of the development of natural hazards. The Institute took an active part in the preparation and publication of the 6-volume monograph “Natural Hazards of Russia”, published in 2001-2003. under the general editorship of Academician V.I. Osipov and Russian Minister S.K. Shoigu in the publishing house "KRUK" (Earth and Universe, 2007, No. 1). This multifaceted publication, on which, in addition to the staff of the Institute of Geoecology, many scientific teams and leading experts of the country worked on, modern knowledge about the development of hazardous natural processes and related disasters on the territory of Russia is summarized and analyzed. The issues of natural risk assessment are considered in detail, firstly
E.M.Sergeev (1914-1997)
SergeevEvgeniy Mikhailovich (03/23/1914, Moscow - 03/23/1997, Moscow; buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery) - the largest scientist in the field of engineering. geology, soil scientist, talented teacher and organizer of geological science, professor of the department. Eng. geology and geological protection. Geological environment faculty of Moscow State University (1953), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1979, corresponding member since 1966), laureate of the Lenin (1982) and State Prizes of the USSR (1977, 1988), Lomonosov Prize of Moscow State University, head. Department of Soil Science and Eng. geology (1954, since 1986 - department of engineering of geology and protection of the geological environment) geol. Faculty of Moscow State University, WWII participant, labor veteran.
Born into the family of an employee. After graduating from the Moscow Topographical College (1932), he worked for three years as a topographer in the Far East. In 1935, having returned to Moscow, he entered Moscow University, with which his entire future life was connected. At Moscow State University, he went from a student in the department of soil science (1935-1940), an assistant in the same department (1941, 1943-1944), an associate professor (1944-1952) to a professor (since 1953) and head of the department of soil science and engineering. geology (1954-1989). At the same time, he was elected dean of geology. Faculty of Moscow State University (1954-1957, 1963-1964), was the vice-rector of Moscow State University for scientific and educational work of natural faculties, the first vice-rector of Moscow State University (1969-1978). He was one of the initiators of the construction of a new building for Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills. In 1981-1986. was the rector of the Academy of National Economy under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
Major E.M. Sergeev, 1943
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, E.M. Sergeev went to the front, in July-August 1941 he was the commander of a platoon of reserve command personnel of the southwest. directions. From September 1941 to July 1942 he served in reconnaissance of the 199th division of the 38th Army and fought on the Southwestern, Southeastern, and 4th Ukrainian fronts. From July to the end of December 1942, he took part in the Battle of Stalingrad and served in the intelligence department of the headquarters of a number of fronts. In June 1943, he was seriously wounded, lost a leg, and was demobilized from the front with the rank of major.
Since 1943, after returning to the department. Soil Science Faculty of Moscow State University, E.M. Sergeev began to actively engage in scientific, pedagogical and scientific-organizational activities and proved himself, first of all, as a soil scientist. In 1944 he defended his Ph.D. diss. “Heat of wetting of soils”, in which, based on the heat of wetting, the adsorption centers of the mineral surface of various soils and the energy characteristics of bound water were studied.
In 1946, he published “Selected Chapters of General Ground Science” - the prototype of the future textbook “Ground Science”, which subsequently became widely known. In the 40s - early 50s. he developed and introduced new methods and approaches to the study of rocks as soils; correlations between some properties of soils were studied (1947); genetic (1948), general (1950, 1957) and specific (1951, 1953) classifications of soils were created; the concept of “optimal compaction load” was introduced (1949); The nature of the strength of dispersed soils (1949, 1951), swelling, shrinkage and stickiness of clays, and subsidence of loess were studied. Under his leadership, geological engineers were studied. features of many genetic types of sandy, loess, clayey, carbonate soils. He developed the doctrine of bound water in soils and its energy forms. His scientific developments are widely used in predicting the behavior of soils as foundations for various structures. In 1952, E.M. Sergeev defended his Ph.D. diss. “Genesis and composition of soils as the basis for classification and study of their properties.”
E.M. Sergeev created a number of engineering and geological expeditions at the department. Under his leadership and with his direct participation, engineering and geological research was carried out along the route of the Main Turkmen Canal (1951-1953), along the valleys of the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Amur (1954-1961) in order to create schemes for the use of hydropower resources of these rivers, engineering -geological study of Eastern Siberia (1960-1963), Western Siberia (1961-1975) and the Non-Black Earth Zone of the RSFSR (1976-1981) in connection with the discovery of the largest oil and gas fields and the economic development of these territories. Cycle of works on engineering geology of the West. Siberia, carried out under the leadership of E.M. Sergeev, was awarded the USSR State Prize (1977).
E.M. Sergeev among the staff of the department (from left to right) are sitting: S.S. Morozov, L.V. Goncharova, E.M. Sergeev, G.A. Golodkovskaya, I.V. Popov, G.G. Ilyinskaya , V.G. Samoilov, standing: A.V. Minervin, P.F. Melnikov, S.D. Voronkevich, A.S. Gerasimova, S.N. Maksimov, R.S. Ziangirov, G.A. Kuprina , S.S.Polyakov, P.I.Fadeev, Moscow State University, 1963
Under his leadership, a method of geological engineering was created. mapping and mapping of large areas. The brilliant conclusion of the work was the 8-volume monograph “Engineering Geology of the USSR”, awarded the Lenin Prize (1982), in the creation of which, under the leadership of E.M. Sergeev, prominent engineering geologists of the country took part.
E.M. Sergeev gives a lecture on soil science to 3rd year students, Moscow State University, room 415, March 1967. (photo by V.I. Vasiliev)
E.M. Sergeev was the largest organizer of geological engineering science; he created Scientific. engineering council geology and soil science at the Department of Earth Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences and for about 30 years was its permanent chairman (since 1966, transformed in 1980 into the Scientific Council on Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology and Geocryology). He was the Chairman of the Section Eng. geology of the National Committee of Geologists of the USSR, vice-president (1972-1978) and president (1978-1982) of the International Association of Geological Engineers (IAIG); chairman and deputy Chairman of Geology and Geophysics. sections of the Committee for Lenin and State Prizes of the USSR; Chairman of the Geology and Mining Section of the Commission for Awarding Prizes of the USSR Council of Ministers (1981-1985); member of the Bureau of the Department of Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences; Chairman of the Society for Cultural Relations “USSR-Iran” (1973). He created and was editor-in-chief of the journal “Engineering Geology” (1979-1987); was the chairman editorial board of the journal “Vestnik Mosk. un-ta. Ser. biology, soil science, geology and geography” and the “Geology” series. Thanks to the organizational activities of E.M. Sergeev, the formation of an engineer took place in our country. geology as an independent science of geology. cycle.
E.M. Sergeev, April 1967
Since the turn of the 70-80s. E.M. Sergeev developed issues of environmental geology, rational use and protection of geology. environment. He laid the foundations for the doctrine of the geological environment, its rational use and protection; determined by engineer geology as the science of the geological environment. These works largely predetermined the modern development of geoecology and environmental geology.
E.M. Sergeev in class with students, 1967 (photo by V.I. Vasiliev)
E.M. Sergeev devoted almost 50 years to the development of higher university education and the training of geological personnel at Moscow University and in the country. In 1965-1970 was a member of the administrative council of the International Association of Universities. Repeatedly spoke at the boards of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education on problems of higher education and geological education; was a member of a number of commissions of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education; chairman of scientific and methodological Council for Higher Geological Education of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education; member of the Plenum of the Higher Attestation Commission at the USSR Council of Ministers, member of the Expert Council of the Higher Attestation Commission, member and chairman of the geological section of the Higher Attestation Commission at the USSR Ministry of Higher Education. He created and taught the course “Soil Science” for decades (since 1946). E.M. Sergeev is the author of the textbooks “Soil Science”, awarded the State Prize, and “Engineering Geology” (2 editions).
E.M. Sergeev, Moscow State University, 1968 (photo by V.I. Vasiliev)
It was created by him university school geological engineer, numerous graduates of the department have become prominent scientists in the leading geological engineering organizations of our country. Among his direct students are Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.I. Osipov, professors V.T. Trofimov, S.D. Voronkevich, R.S. Ziangirov, Yu.B. Osipov, V.A. Korolev, K.A. Kozhobaev, doctors of sciences V.N. Sokolov, E.N. Kolomensky, V.I. Sergeev, N. Than and others, about 70 candidates of sciences (among them G.A.Kuprina (1953), A.V.Minervin (1959), A.S. Gerasimova (1960), B.S. Pavlov (1961), Zhao-Tse-San (1963), N.S. Krasilova (1963), Yu.A. Seregina (1964), M.V. Slonimskaya (1967), Yu.D. Matveev (1970), S.B. Ershova (1971), L.A. Kotseruba, V.N. Kolomenskaya (1974), N.I. Barats (1974), V.M. Semenov (1976), B.T. S.K. Nikolaeva (1982), Z.V. Maksimova (1984), N.V. (1991), etc.).
E.M. Sergeev, March 1974 (photo by V.I. Vasiliev)
While working as the first vice-rector of Moscow State University, he organized the country's largest faculty of advanced training (FPC). On the basis of the Faculty of Education and Training of Moscow State University, the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR held seminars for the management staff of higher education.
E.M. Sergeev holds a meeting of the Council of the Academy of Sciences on engineering-geological problems of land reclamation, Moscow State University, March 1975.
(photo by V.I. Vasiliev)
With the direct participation of E.M. Sergeev, the Mordovian State University was created. He was elected honorary doctor of the Bratislava (1972) and Warsaw (1974) universities; member of the administrative council of the International Association of Universities (1965-1970); resp. Secretary of the Organizing Committee of the IV General Conference of the International Association of Universities (1970-1975).
E.M. Sergeev and deputy. Minister of Land Reclamation of the USSR during a meeting of the Council of the Academy of Sciences on engineering and geological problems of land reclamation, Moscow State University, March 1975. (photo by V.I. Vasiliev)
E.M. Sergeev paid a lot of attention to issues of history and methodology of geology, in particular - soil science and engineering. geology. Starting from the first such work - “Soviet soil science” (1946), he constantly addressed these issues (1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1962, 1963, 1988, 1992, etc.), wrote a number of works related to the names of M. IN. Lomonosov (1949, 1950), V.R. Williams (1950), M.M. Filatov (1956, 1957, 1963, 1979), S.S. Morozova (1958), S.S. Chetverikova (1958), V.V. Okhotina (1958), I.V. Popova (1960, 1980, 1991), N.S. Shatsky (1960) and other prominent scientists.
E.M. Sergeev speaks at the gala meeting of the Geological Faculty of Moscow State University, dedicated to the 225th anniversary of Moscow State University, January 1980 (photo by V.I. Vasiliev)
Many of his works by E.M. Sergeev were devoted to the history of the Department of Engineering Geology and Geological Conservation. environment. He developed the position that engineering geology should be a science about the noosphere, studying earth's crust as an environment for human life and activity.
V.A. Korolev and head. Department Academician E.M. Sergeev, Moscow State University, February 1988
(photo from the Moscow University newspaper No. 13 dated 02/18/1988)
E.M.Sergeev, 1985
E.M. Sergeev was awarded two Orders of Lenin (1967, 1984), the Order October Revolution(1974), Order of the Patriotic War 1st and 2nd degree (1943, 1985), Red Star (1941), three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1961, 1971, 1980), many military medals, medal “Veteran of Labor” (1989) ; awarded a medal Hans Kloss, awarded by the International Association of Engineering Geology (IAEG), etc.
The main works and memoirs of E.M. Sergeev: 1) New methods for determining the heat of wetting of soils. - Soil Science, No. 5, 1946, p. 289-300; 2) Selected chapters of general soil science. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1946, - 107 p.; 3) On the issue of correlation between some soil properties. - Vestn. Moscow State University, ser. physics and mathematics and natural Sciences, No. 2, 1947, p. 69-91; 4) The concept of optimal soil compaction load. - Vestn. Moscow State University, ser. physics and mathematics and natural Sciences, No. 10, 1949, p. 115-130; 5) On the question of the nature of the mechanical strength of dispersed soils. - Teacher zap. Moscow State University, vol. 133. Ground science, book 1, 1949, p. 89-117; 6) General soil science. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1952, - 383 p.; 7) Granulometric classification of sands. - Vestn. Moscow State University, ser. physics and mathematics and natural Sciences, No. 12, 1953, p. 101-109; 8) Regarding the relationship between the granulometric and mineralogical composition of soils. - Vestn. Moscow State University, ser. physics and mathematics and natural Sciences, No. 2, 1954, p. 41-49; 9) Sergeev E.M., Ornatsky N.V., Shekhtman Yu.M. Study of sand clogging. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1955, - 182 p.; 10) Bound water in soils and its effect on their dispersion and microstructure. - Teacher zap. Moscow State University, vol. 176. Geology, 1956, p. 221-231; 11) Sergeev E.M., Priklonsky V.A., Panyukov P.N., Bely L.D. General engineering-geol. classification of rocks and soils. - Tr. meeting in engineering-geol. Holy rocks and methods of their study. Volume II - M., Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1957, p. 18-44; 12) Soil science / Textbook. Ed. 2nd revision - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1959, -426 p.; 13) Geology and construction. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1962, - 100 p.; 14) Sergeev E.M., Ilyinskaya G.G., Rekshinskaya L.G., Trofimov V.T. On the distribution of clay minerals in connection with their geological engineering. studying. - Vestn. Moscow State University, series 4, geol., No. 3, 1963, p. 3-9; 15) Once again about engineering geology. - In the collection: Ways for further development of engineering. geology / Mat. discussions of the 1st Int. congr. by Eng. geol. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1971, p. 117-123; 16) Sergeev E.M., Gerasimova A.S., Trofimov V.T. Explanatory note to geological engineer. map of the West Siberian plate. Scale 1:500,000. - M., 1972, - 96 p.; 17) Soil science/.Ed. E.M. Sergeeva, (co-author) - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 3rd ed. 1971. - 595 pp. // 5th ed. 1983. - 392 pp.; 18) Eng. geology / Textbook. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1st ed. 1978 // 2nd ed. 1982. - 248 pp.; 19) Eng. geology is the science of the geological environment. - Eng. Geology, 1979, No. 1, p. 3-19; 20) Sergeev E.M., Shvetsov P.F., Kotlov F.V., Osipov V.I. Engineering geology in the USSR. - Eng. Geology, No. 6, 1982, p. 3-12; 21) Behind the line of the front letter. - M., Voenizdat, 1985; 22) Theoretical fundamentals of engineering geology. Geol. fundamentals / Edited by E.M. Sergeev (department of the chapter). - M., Nedra, 1985, - 332 p.; 23) Theoretical fundamentals of engineering geology. Socio-economic aspects / Edited by E.M. Sergeev (department of the chapter). - M., Nedra, 1985, - 259 p.; 24) Problems of engineering geol. in connection with the tasks of rational use and protection of geol. environment. - In the collection: Problems of rationality. use of geol. environment. - M., Nauka, 1988, p.5-21; 25) Position of Eng. geology in the section geol. sciences, its current state and ways of further development. - Eng. Geology, No. 2, 1989, p. 5-14; 26) Moscow University. A look through the years. - M., Moscow State University Publishing House, 1992. - 272 p.; 27) Sergeev E.M., Osipov V.I., Shibakova V.S. On the activities of the Scientific Council of the Academy of Sciences on engineering problems. geology and hydrogeology for 25 years (1966-1991). - Eng. Geology, 1992, No. 3, p. 3-11.
Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia
Institute of Geoecology them. E. M. Sergeeva Russian Academy of Sciences
(IGE RAS)International name Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience RAS (IEG RAS)
Founded Director Location Russia Russia, Moscow
Legal address Scientific directions
The main directions of scientific activity of the IGE RAS are:
- development of theory and methods for forecasting and monitoring natural and man-made catastrophic processes (landslides, karst, flooding, etc.);
- fundamental problems of the formation and dynamics of groundwater, resources, use and protection of groundwater;
- development of the theory of formation and changes in the properties of rocks under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors;
- development of fundamental principles of geodynamic, seismic and engineering-geological zoning;
- development of geoecological principles for the placement of large industrial facilities and waste storage facilities;
- geoecological, engineering-geological and hydrogeological problems of mineral development;
- geoecological problems of the territory of Moscow and other large urban agglomerations.
Structure
The institute includes:
- Laboratory of Endogenous Geodynamics and Neotectonics
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Soil Mechanics
- Laboratory of geocryology
- Laboratory of Remote Monitoring of the Geological Environment
- Geological Risk Laboratory
- Laboratory of Exogenous Geodynamics
- Laboratory of Hydrogeoecology
- Laboratory of Geoinformatics and Computer Mapping
- Laboratory for studying the composition and properties of soils
- Department of Information and Measuring Systems
- Seismological Center
Notable employees
- Osipov, Viktor Ivanovich - academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director of the institute
- Nikolaev, Alexey Vsevolodovich - Corresponding Member of the RAS
- Mironenko, Valery Aleksandrovich - corresponding member of the RAS
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An excerpt characterizing the Institute of Geoecology named after E. M. Sergeev RAS
The troubles and horror of the last days of the Rostovs’ stay in Moscow drowned out the dark thoughts that were weighing on her. She was glad to find salvation from them in practical activities. But when she learned about the presence of Prince Andrei in their house, despite all the sincere pity that she felt for him and Natasha, a joyful and superstitious feeling that God did not want her to be separated from Nicolas overwhelmed her. She knew that Natasha loved one Prince Andrei and did not stop loving him. She knew that now, brought together in such terrible conditions, they would love each other again and that then Nicholas, due to the kinship that would be between them, would not be able to marry Princess Marya. Despite all the horror of everything that happened in last days and during the first days of the journey, this feeling, this awareness of the intervention of Providence in her personal affairs, pleased Sonya.
The Rostovs spent their first day on their trip at the Trinity Lavra.
In the Lavra hotel, the Rostovs were allocated three large rooms, one of which was occupied by Prince Andrei. The wounded man was much better that day. Natasha sat with him. In the next room the Count and Countess sat, respectfully talking with the rector, who had visited their old acquaintances and investors. Sonya was sitting right there, and she was tormented by curiosity about what Prince Andrei and Natasha were talking about. She listened to the sounds of their voices from behind the door. The door of Prince Andrei's room opened. Natasha came out of there with an excited face and, not noticing the monk who stood up to meet her and grabbed the wide sleeve of his right hand, walked up to Sonya and took her hand.
- Natasha, what are you doing? Come here,” said the Countess.
Natasha came under the blessing, and the abbot advised to turn to God and his saint for help.
Immediately after the abbot left, Nashata took her friend’s hand and walked with her into the empty room.
- Sonya, right? will he be alive? - she said. - Sonya, how happy I am and how unhappy I am! Sonya, my dear, everything is as before. If only he were alive. He can’t... because, because... that... - And Natasha burst into tears.
- So! I knew it! Thank God,” said Sonya. - He will be alive!
Sonya was no less excited than her friend - both by her fear and grief, and by her personal thoughts that were not expressed to anyone. She, sobbing, kissed and consoled Natasha. “If only he were alive!” - she thought. After crying, talking and wiping away their tears, both friends approached Prince Andrei’s door. Natasha carefully opened the doors and looked into the room. Sonya stood next to her at the half-open door.
Prince Andrei lay high on three pillows. His pale face was calm, his eyes were closed, and you could see how he was breathing evenly.
- Oh, Natasha! – Sonya suddenly almost screamed, grabbing her cousin’s hand and retreating from the door.
- What? What? – Natasha asked.
“This is this, that, that...” said Sonya with a pale face and trembling lips.