Definition of labor psychology, subject, tasks of science, principles of labor psychology. Object, subject of study and tasks of labor psychology Labor as a concept labor psychology

BRIEF LECTURE COURSE

At the beginning of the course, answer a few questions for yourself:

1. What part of his life does a person work?

2. How can you prolong your life?

3. What is the meaning of your life?

For most people it seems obvious that a person is alive as long as he is remembered, and he is remembered as long as the fruits of his labor are enjoyed.

Work psychology is the field of psychology that studies psychological characteristics labor activity. The subject of the study is the psychological components: processes, states, personality traits that manifest themselves in the labor process.

Work psychology is related to engineering psychology and ergonomics.

Work- this is an expedient activity to transform the surrounding world to meet human needs. Labor is one of the main types of conscious human activity, which serves as a means and way of its self-realization in personal and public life, communication, knowledge of oneself and the world around, development of oneself as a person, self-affirmation, creation of material and spiritual values and personal prosperity.

Activity is an active interaction of a person with the outside world, during which he purposefully influences an object and thereby satisfies his needs.

Labor functions: 1. cognitive; 2. transforming; 3. value-oriented; 4.communicative; 5. Creation and consumption of artistic values.

The beginning of the 20th century in the world was marked by the rapid growth of industrial production and, as a result, the desire of the owners of factories and plants to increase profits from their enterprises. The old methods and clichés of behavior have exhausted all the possibilities for profit growth, so the owners of large capitals, in order to achieve their goal, began to look for new ways to increase production efficiency. This led to the fact that people of science began to be involved in solving this problem.

The first steps in the scientific study of labor activity are usually associated with the name of F. Taylor, who at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries conducted experimental studies simple machine labor. At the initial stage of development, the problems of labor psychology were included in the broader sphere of psychotechnics - a scientific movement, the content of which was the application of psychology to solving practical problems. The term "psychotechnics" was proposed in 1903 by the German psychologist W. Stern. The German psychologist G.Munstenberg is considered the founder of psychotechnics.

The origin of the domestic psychology of labor is associated with the name of I. M. Sechenov. Interested in the reflex nature of mental processes, I. M. Sechenov turned to studying the role of these processes (primarily sensations and perceptions) in labor acts. He raised the question of the formation of labor skills (“memorized movements”) and for the first time showed that the nature of regulation changes in the process of learning (the function of the regulator passes from vision to kinesthesia). And M. Sechenov introduced a new concept of active recreation as the best means of increasing and maintaining working capacity.

Labor psychology, originated at the turn of the 20th century, studied various types of professional activity, the requirements of activity for a person, his psychophysiological capabilities, moral and volitional qualities, the necessary professional abilities and skills. One of the important tasks of labor psychology was the analysis of the content, means and working conditions. Great importance was attached to the prevention of industrial injuries, the diagnosis of working capacity and fatigue, the determination of the optimal mode of work, etc. However, the focus of researchers was mainly performing, operational aspects of labor, its psychophysiological characteristics. The central problem of domestic labor psychology was human adaptation to tools, processes and working conditions. At the same time, the adaptation of the worker was studied mainly along the line of psychophysiological characteristics of a person. Value, sense-forming, motivational aspects of labor have not been studied,

Thus, psychological studies of labor activity did not give a holistic view of the professional development of employees, the formation of professional intentions, the reasons for choosing or changing a profession, the stages of a working career, the problems of professionalization and maladaptation.

The object of labor psychology is labor.

The subject of labor psychology is the psychological components (characteristics) of labor (the subject of labor is mental processes, states, properties - how they are included and manifested in the labor process) (EA Klimov, 1992).

object studying the psychology of labor is a person as a participant in the process of creating consumer values. But other, biological and social, sciences also study a person in labor activity: physiology of labor processes, occupational health, therapy and prevention of occupational diseases, specific economics, labor law, labor protection, ethics, sociology, theory of labor education; the emergence and development of human labor activity are the subject of study of archeology and history material culture. Therefore, the position put forward by B. G. Ananiev and developed by his followers on the need for a comprehensive study of man in labor (Dmitrieva M.A., 1979) is absolutely right.

Item labor psychology - psychological patterns, mental processes and personality traits in their relationship with objects and tools of labor, with the physical and social environment (Dmitrieva M.A., 1979).

Main goals(Dmitrieva M.A., 1979), facing the psychology of labor in applied research is

1. humanization of labor

2. increase in labor productivity.

The humanization of labor is understood as the prevention of overwork, occupational diseases, the prevention of industrial injuries and professional deformation of the personality, the increase in the content of labor, the creation of conditions for the comprehensive development of the worker, the flowering of his abilities.

An important indicator of the transformation of labor psychology and engineering psychology into a direct productive force is the development of not only applied but also fundamental research. Fundamental research plays the role of a kind of permanent strategic reserve, providing a long-term and continuous control of science. In labor psychology and engineering psychology, more and more attention is paid to the development of theoretical problems, methodological issues related primarily to a systematic approach and the creation of integrated research methods.

Actual practical problems modern labor psychology: professional psychological selection (the development of systems for which for specific conditions is always a scientific and practical task of greater or lesser complexity), improvement vocational training(and retraining), rationalization of social and physical environments, taking into account the psychological characteristics of workers. All these activities are included in the structure of the scientific organization of labor. The decisive condition for the fulfillment by labor psychology of the practical tasks facing it is the improvement and expansion of the arsenal of methods that can also be borrowed from related areas of psychology. These are methods for evaluating and analyzing activities, methods for diagnosing and predicting abilities, methods for studying social structure. theoretical The foundation for solving applied problems should be research in the field of the following scientific problems:

1. Studying the ways of establishing harmony between a person and his profession. In other words, the study of the patterns of formation of the dynamic balance of the system "subject of labor - professional environment";

2. The study of the structure and dynamics of professionally significant properties of the individual and personality;

3. The study of the structure of skills that ensure the solution of professional problems in optimal and extreme conditions, as well as the factors that determine the stability and dynamics of this structure;

4. Studying the structure of labor attitudes and motives of labor activity, the patterns of formation and restructuring of this structure;

5. Studying the structure of human states in labor and the patterns of dynamics of these states;

6. The study of the relationship of individual properties, personality relationships and mental states as a factor of success and labor safety

(Dmitrieva M.A., 1979).

From the point of view of psychological science, a means of labor is any reality that enables a person to interact with the subject of labor in accordance with the goal. So, the means of labor of a teacher can be and is, in particular, the intonation of speech - encouraging, demanding, etc. Thus, the means of labor are not necessarily material, but they can also be functional - in the sense that they are some ordered processes, phenomena of behavior or the inner world, the psyche proper. Some functional means are external in relation to the knowledge of the subject of labor, and some are internal (Dubovy L.M., 2000)

Prejudices about work: the ideal of "easy work", naive anti-entropism, psychological blindness, the presumption of the superiority of the scientist over the "practitioner". Psychological signs of labor; differences between labor and other types of activity (games, communication, teaching) all these issues are fully covered in the book (Pryazhnikov. N.S., 2001)

Questions for self-control.

1. The subject of labor psychology as a branch of science. The relationship of labor psychology with other sciences that study a person in labor and with other psychological disciplines.

2. Object, subject of labor psychology. The main tasks of labor psychology.

3. Actual problems (theoretical and practical) of labor psychology.

4. Functions of labor.

5. The main stages in the development of labor psychology (Sechenov, Taylor, Mayo, etc.).

6. What did psychologists study in the framework of the Hawthorne experiment, what are its results and significance for industrial psychology?

The concept of "labor" is considered by several scientific disciplines. Such as, for example, physiology of work, organizational psychology, sociology of work, economics, management, etc., consider labor activity only as a general object, while using the specific methods and knowledge inherent in a particular discipline. All these disciplines consider labor activity to solve practical problems aimed at humanizing labor activity and increasing efficiency. As for the psychology of labor, the study of labor activity uses the entire system of data that only exists in modern psychology.

At the moment, labor psychology is an independent branch of psychology that allows the most efficient use of human labor, taking into account his personal characteristics and the impact on production as a whole, predicting the development of industrial relations, and much more.

The psychology of labor is primarily focused on the person and his interests, on minimizing production losses and optimizing labor activity for the employee.

2. The relationship of labor psychology with other disciplines

The psychology of work does not have clear boundaries with other disciplines. When studying the psychology of labor, several categories of sciences can be distinguished that are intertwined and interact to varying degrees with the psychology of labor. These are, firstly, the economics and sociology of labor, pedagogy, medicine (some of its sections), hygiene and labor protection.

Secondly, this is practically the entire area of biological knowledge about a person, a social system, and so on.

Thirdly, technical disciplines that study the design of machines and instruments that are used by the worker in the labor process, that is, tools.

Let us consider in more detail the disciplines that have a relationship with the psychology of work:

1) philosophy and political economy consider in their teachings and research: the subject, the object, the tools of labor, the process, etc.;

2) the sociology of labor considers labor as a process of formation of a person and society, the functions of social labor, social factors in choosing a profession, labor in conditions of technological progress, attitudes towards labor, etc.;

3) labor economics considers labor resources, productive value, labor organization, regulation, payment, labor planning, etc.;

4) labor legislation considers and studies labor contracts, working hours, vacations, duties, rights, benefits of various categories of employees, labor dispute procedures, etc.;

5) physiology, occupational health, industrial sanitation in relation to the psychology of labor study the mode of work and rest, working capacity. Thus, we can say that the relationship with other disciplines in the psychology of work is very extensive. Almost all existing sciences and disciplines cover or pay attention to the psychology of work in their teachings. Indeed, in almost all sciences there is a mention of the study of the human resource, namely, the human resource and everything connected with it underlies the study of labor psychology.

3. Scope of application

The scope of the psychology of labor is very wide, since labor is the main activity of every person. Many professions provide a wide field for research in the field of labor psychology and are aimed at developing certain methods of working with people of various professions.

At most enterprises, there are rates of a psychologist, whose duties include personnel selection, and the resolution of conflict situations in production, and much more.

Psychology at work allows not only working with people as employees of the company, but also contains in the context of solving the problems of employees outside the walls of the organization that affect productivity, for example, family problems. In addition, workplace planning, work to ensure labor safety, advertising, negotiation are also within the scope of interests of labor psychology. Nowadays, any self-respecting organization should have a full-time psychologist. This not only raises the level of prestige of any organization, but also shows both employees and clients the degree of development of the organization.

4. Goals of labor psychology

The main goals of labor psychology are:

1) optimization of the psychological climate of the enterprise, that is, taking into account the psychological characteristics of each member of the enterprise and optimizing interactive processes within the organization;

2) forecasting the possible results of management decisions, tactics and management strategies, which implies a deep knowledge of production processes, taking into account the specifics of business negotiations, a well-organized advertising campaign and information collection. To achieve these goals, the psychology of work uses various tools, which are reflected in the tasks and stem from the scope of its application. In many ways, the features of the methods of labor psychology depend on the profile and specifics of the production of the organization in which the organizational psychologist operates.

5. Tasks of labor psychology

The main tasks of labor psychology

The tasks of labor psychology can be divided into two groups: theoretical and applied.

The first group will include tasks that are closely related to the psychological characteristics of a person (subject). The theoretical tasks include:

1) the study and study of mental processes, the main psychological properties of the subject (considering them in the context of labor efficiency and increasing efficiency);

2) study of the characteristics of labor activity;

3) study of socio-psychological factors affecting a person, social environment, psychological microclimate in the organization, job satisfaction;

4) the study of the emotional sphere of the individual and volitional qualities that contribute to the regulation of labor activity;

5) the study of the disclosure of the subject and his personality in the labor process and the pattern associated with this;

6) study of the problem of motivation, analysis of ways to solve the problem of the motivational system;

7) development of the most appropriate management method; planning tactics and management strategies;

8) preventive psychological work aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle;

9) improving the living conditions of employees;

10) improvement of working conditions;

11) development of the main criteria for hiring;

13) rational restructuring and renewal of professions.

The second group of tasks, applied, which is mainly aimed at achieving the final practical result, will include the following tasks:

1) development of norms, rules and procedures for safety;

2) development of psychological means of motivation;

3) development of optimal modes of work and rest time;

4) development of theoretically substantiated effective procedures for certification and training;

5) development of specific requirements and working conditions in the development and implementation of new technologies, taking into account personal capabilities;

6) development of ways to solve the problem of labor orientation; optimization of procedures for professional training and adaptation of the individual;

7) improvement of production relations and improvement of the quality of labor;

8) minimization of emergencies;

9) work with the norms, values and corporate culture of production, etc.

6. The subject of labor psychology

The subject of labor psychology are the psychological features of a person's activity in working conditions in such aspects as his formation as a professional, professional orientation and self-determination, motivation of the labor process, the mechanism of work experience, quality of work, adaptation of a person to working conditions.

The study of human activity in production conditions allows not only to enrich the theoretical base of labor psychology, but also to delve into the practical activities of the enterprise and make adjustments to the direct labor activity of employees.

It can also be said that the subject of labor psychology are the components that serve as an incentive and encourage a person to work, direct and correct his labor activity, as well as the personal qualities of an individual person, through which the process of implementing labor activity passes. The scope of the psychology of work is very wide, and its boundaries with other disciplines are rather arbitrary and insignificant. We can say that the psychology of work is the core around which all psychological teachings and research in the field of studying the human resource are concentrated.

7. The object of labor psychology

The object of labor psychology is labor as a specific activity of a person who identifies himself with a certain professional community and produces the reproduction of skills, attitudes, knowledge in this type of activity.

The object of labor psychology is the activity of the individual in the conditions of production.

There was an opinion that the process of labor activity includes four cycles: exchange, consumption, distribution, consumption.

At the moment, it is believed that all these processes are inextricably linked and there is no need to single out several cycles, since a person simultaneously acts in several modes.

8. Subject of labor

The subject of labor is each employee of the enterprise, directly involved in labor activity and having the opportunity to initiate the production process. It is precisely because of the subjectivity of work that an individual approach to each employee is necessary, the ability to notice a person in a team. The subject of labor can be considered both the employee as such and the enterprise as a whole.

9. Methods of labor psychology

In practice Labor psychology uses various methods to study the characteristics of human functioning in working conditions. With the help of these methods, the selection of candidates for employment, the study of the psychological characteristics of employees and other aspects of a person's labor activity are carried out. The main methods of labor psychology:

1) testing;

2) included and non-included observation;

3) conversation;

4) interviews and surveys;

5) trainings;

6) role-playing games;

7) analysis and synthesis of information. These methods will be described in more detail in lecture No. 5, paragraph 7.

10. The influence of labor psychology on production

The study of labor psychology, labor relations directly affects the efficiency of labor and the emotional comfort of a person in the workplace.

An important area of labor psychology is the study of various aspects of performance related to fatigue, circadian rhythm, optimal work regime, adaptive processes of the individual to create such working conditions under which the quality and productivity of each individual would be combined with the protection of the health of workers. For this, special methods have been developed, such as tests, participant observation, questioning of employees, the performance of an employee in various working conditions is studied, the method of exercises and trainings in production is used.

At this stage, new professions are constantly being formed, working conditions, forms of work and possible incentives to increase production efficiency are changing, requirements for product quality and working methods are changing. Labor psychology is designed to study changing aspects and recommend the most optimal options for changes, taking into account working conditions, production, ethics and enterprise capabilities.

The concept of "labor" is considered by several scientific disciplines. It must be remembered that, for example, the physiology of labor, organizational psychology, sociology of labor, economics, management, etc., consider labor activity exclusively as a general object, using specific methods and knowledge that are inherent in a particular discipline. All these disciplines consider labor activity to solve practical problems aimed at humanizing labor activity and increasing efficiency. As for the psychology of labor, in the study of labor activity, the entire system of data is used, which only exists in modern psychology.

Labor psychology at the moment is an independent branch of psychology, which allows you to most effectively use human labor, take into account his personal characteristics and influence on production as a whole, predict the development of industrial relations, and much more.

The psychology of labor is primarily focused on the person and his interests, on minimizing production losses and optimizing labor activity for the employee.

The relationship of labor psychology with other disciplines

Secondly, ϶ᴛᴏ practically the entire area of biological knowledge about a person, a social system, and so on.

Thirdly, technical disciplines that study the design of machines and devices that are used by the worker in the labor process, i.e. tools.

Let us study in more detail the disciplines that are interconnected with the psychology of work:

philosophy and political economy consider in their teachings and studies: subject, object, tools, process, etc.;
the sociology of labor considers labor as a process of the formation of a person and society, the functions of social labor, social factors in choosing a profession, labor in conditions of technological progress, attitudes towards labor, etc.;
labor economics considers labor resources, productive value, labor organization, rationing, payment, labor planning, etc.;
labor legislation considers and studies labor contracts, working hours, holidays, duties, rights, benefits of various categories of workers, labor dispute procedures, etc.;
physiology, occupational health, industrial sanitation in relation to the psychology of labor study the mode of work and rest, working capacity. Based on all of the above, we come to the conclusion that we can say that the relationship with other disciplines in the psychology of work is very extensive. Almost all existing sciences and disciplines cover in their teachings or pay attention to the psychology of work. Indeed, in almost all sciences there is a mention of the study of the human resource, namely, the human resource and everything connected with it underlies the study of labor psychology.

Scope of application

The scope of the psychology of work is very wide, since work is the main activity of every person. Many professions provide a wide field for research in the field of labor psychology and are aimed at developing certain methods of working with people of various professions.

At most enterprises, there are rates of a psychologist, whose duties include personnel selection, and the resolution of conflict situations in production, and much more.

Psychology at work allows not only working with people as employees of the company, but also contains in the context of solving the problems of employees outside the walls of the organization that affect productivity, for example, family problems. With the exception of the above, workplace planning, work to ensure labor safety, advertising, negotiation are also included in the sphere of interest of labor psychology. Today, any self-respecting organization should have a full-time psychologist. This not only raises the level of prestige of any organization, but also shows both employees and clients the degree of development of the organization.

The goals of labor psychology

The main goals of labor psychology will be:

optimization of the psychological climate of the enterprise, that is, taking into account the psychological characteristics of each member of the enterprise and optimizing interactive processes within the organization;
forecasting the possible results of management decisions, tactics and management strategies, which implies a deep knowledge of production processes, taking into account the specifics of business negotiations, a well-organized advertising campaign and information collection. It is worth saying that in order to achieve these goals, the psychology of work uses various tools, which is demonstrated in the tasks and stems from the scope of its application. In many ways, the features of the methods of labor psychology depend on the profile and specifics of the production of the organization, in which the organizational psychologist carries out his activities.

The main tasks of labor psychology

The main tasks of labor psychology can be divided into two groups: theoretical and applied.

The first group will include tasks that are closely related to the psychological characteristics of a person (subject). Theoretical tasks include:

study and research of mental processes, the main psychological properties of the subject (considering them in the context of labor efficiency and increase in working capacity);
study of the characteristics of labor activity;
study of socio-psychological factors affecting a person, social environment, psychological microclimate in an organization, job satisfaction;
the study of the emotional sphere of the individual and volitional qualities that contribute to the regulation of labor activity;
the study of the disclosure of the subject and his personality in the labor process and the pattern associated with this;
study of the problem of motivation, analysis of ways to solve the problem of the motivational system;
development of the most appropriate management method; planning tactics and management strategies;
preventive psychological work aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle;
improving the living conditions of workers;
improvement of working conditions;
development of basic recruitment criteria;
development of recommendations for improving the methods of training and retraining of employees;
rational restructuring and renewal of professions.

The second group of tasks, applied, which is mainly aimed at achieving the final practical result, will include the following tasks:

development of norms, rules and procedures for safety;
development of psychological means of motivation;
development of optimal modes of work and rest time;
development of theoretically substantiated effective procedures for certification and training;
development of specific requirements and working conditions in the development and implementation of new technologies, taking into account personal capabilities;
development of ways to solve the problem of labor orientation; optimization of procedures for professional training and adaptation of the individual;
improving industrial relations and improving the quality of labor;
minimization of emergencies;
work with norms, values and corporate culture of production, etc.

The subject of labor psychology

The subject of labor psychology there will be psychological features of a person's activity in working conditions in such aspects as his formation as a professional, professional orientation and self-determination, motivation of the labor process, the mechanism of work experience, quality of work, adaptation of a person to working conditions.

It can also be said that the subject of labor psychology are the components that serve as an incentive and encourage a person to work, direct and correct his labor activity, as well as the personal qualities of a single person, through which the process of implementing labor activity passes. The scope of the psychology of work is very wide, and its boundaries with other disciplines are rather arbitrary and insignificant. We can say that the psychology of work will be the core around which all psychological teachings and research in the field of studying the human resource are concentrated.

The object of labor psychology

The object of labor psychology there will be labor as a specific activity of a person who identifies himself with a certain professional community and produces the reproduction of skills, attitudes, knowledge in this type of activity. Material published on http: // site

The object of labor psychology is the activity of the individual in the conditions of production.

There was an opinion that the process of labor activity includes four cycles: exchange, consumption, distribution, consumption.

At the moment, it is believed that all these processes are inextricably linked and there is no need to single out several cycles, since a person simultaneously acts in several modes.

Subject of labor

Methods of labor psychology

testing;
included and non-included observation;
conversation;
interviews and surveys;
trainings;
role-playing games;
analysis and synthesis of information.

These methods will be described in more detail in lecture No. 5, paragraph 7.

The influence of labor psychology on production

The study of labor psychology, labor relations directly affects the efficiency of labor and the emotional comfort of a person in the workplace.

It should not be forgotten that an important area of labor psychology will be the study of various aspects of performance related to fatigue, circadian rhythm, optimal work regime, adaptive processes of the individual for the formation of such working conditions, under which the quality and productivity of each individual would be combined with the protection of the health of workers. It is worth saying that special methods have been developed for this purpose, such as tests, participant observation, questioning of workers, the performance of the employee in various working conditions is studied, the method of exercises and trainings in production is used.

a branch of psychology that studies the patterns of formation and manifestation of a person's mental activity (processes and states, personality traits) in the process of his work. Now researches on P. of t. are carried out in various branches of production, culture and science. Industrial psychology, transport psychology, aviation psychology, space psychology, and so on have taken shape within the framework of transport psychology, and research in the field of management and service is acquiring great importance. The origin of foreign P. t. is associated with the creation of the Taylor system. In Russia, the working movements of a person, the physiological criteria for determining the length of the working day, etc., were first studied by I. M. Sechenov. Further research in this direction began to be carried out within the framework of psychotechnics. However, P. t. received final recognition only in the mid-1950s. The following areas of research can be distinguished in modern P. t. questions of vocational guidance and consultation, etc. Methods of P. t. - experiment (natural and laboratory), observation, interviews, questionnaire surveys, the labor method of studying professions, etc. Further development of P. t. parameters. P. t. is organically connected with other branches of psychology (social, pedagogical, engineering and is based on principles common to them, uses their achievements and methods. P. t. coordinates its efforts with physiology and occupational health, ergonomics, technical aesthetics, and also with technical subjects.

PSYCHOLOGY OF WORK

a branch of psychology that studies the patterns of manifestation of various psychological mechanisms in labor activity, the patterns of formation of specific forms of this activity and the relationship of a person to work. Its object is the activity of the individual in production conditions and in the conditions of reproduction of his labor force. Its foundations were formed under the influence of medicine, physiology, technology, sociology and political economy.

An extremely branched discipline is the basis for the development of areas correlated with specific types of activity: engineering psychology, aviation psychology, management psychology, etc.

The following main directions of her research are distinguished:

1) rationalization of work and rest;

2) performance dynamics;

3) formation of professional motivation and professional suitability;

4) optimization of relations in labor collectives. The methods used are natural and laboratory experiments, observation, interviews, questionnaire surveys, simulators, the labor method of studying professions.

The psychology of labor has abandoned the idea of the existence of two open cycles: production and consumption, where a person alternately and independently acts either as a producer or as a consumer. From her point of view, the working and free time of the individual are closely interconnected, as well as the conditions of work and the reproduction of the labor force.

The starting point for including a certain discipline in solving the problems of improving labor was the recognition that the organization of labor can give greater productivity than its intensification, and the economic costs for a worker - for his education, medical care, improvement of living and environmental conditions of life - turn around profit in manufacturing. At the same time, each of the disciplines has contributed to the development of labor psychology and the formulation of its tasks.

The beginning of the formation of labor psychology as an independent discipline is considered to be the appearance of G. Munsterberg's books "Psychology and Production Efficiency" (1913) and "Fundamentals of Psychotechnics" (1914). A significant contribution to the study of labor was made by I. M. Sechenov, whose works "Physiological criteria for setting the length of the working day" (1897), "Essay on the working movements of a person" (1901) and others laid the foundation for research on the rational organization and design of labor activity. But it took long time for the psychology of work to overcome the eclecticism of its heritage, single out its own subject and give impetus to its new offshoots.

The main tasks of labor psychology are directly related to the social tasks of improving industrial relations and improving the quality of labor, improving living conditions, eliminating emergency situations, democratizing and shaping the psychological type of the worker.

1. The concept of labor psychology

The concept of "labor" is considered by several scientific disciplines. Such as, for example, physiology of labor, organizational psychology, sociology of labor, economics, management, etc., consider labor activity only as a general object, while using specific methods and knowledge inherent in a particular discipline. All these disciplines consider labor activity to solve practical problems aimed at humanizing labor activity and increasing efficiency. As for the psychology of labor, the study of labor activity uses the entire system of data that only exists in modern psychology.

The psychology of labor is primarily focused on the person and his interests, on minimizing production losses and optimizing labor activity for the employee.

This text is an introductory piece. the author Prusova N V

3. Tasks of labor psychology. The subject of labor psychology. The object of labor psychology. The subject of labor. Methods of labor psychology The main tasks of labor psychology are: 1) improving industrial relations and improving the quality of work; 2) improving living conditions

From the book Labor Psychology the author Prusova N V

4. Time of formation and development of labor psychology. The initial interests of labor psychology The psychology of labor took shape under the influence of medicine, physiology, psychology, technology, and sociology. Each of these disciplines added its own aspects, which was reflected in

From the book Labor Psychology the author Prusova N V

7. Methods of labor psychology Experiment. Non-included observation. Enabled surveillance. The method of surveys and interviewsThe method is understood as a system of theoretical and practical actions, models for studying certain problems and the practical activities of a psychologist.

From the book Labor Psychology the author Prusova N V

29. The concept of labor mobility. Types of mobility. The concept of labor physiology. Factors of the working environment Labor mobility is understood as a change in professional status and role, which reflects the dynamics of professional growth. Elements of labor

From the book Labor Psychology the author Prusova N V

46. The main tasks of labor psychology The tasks of labor psychology can be divided into two groups: theoretical and applied. The first group will include tasks that are closely related to the psychological characteristics of a person (subject). For theoretical problems,

the author Prusova N V

1. The concept of labor psychology The concept of "labor" is considered by several scientific disciplines. Such as, for example, the physiology of labor, organizational psychology, the sociology of labor, economics, management, etc., consider labor activity only as a general object,