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Preparation for passing OGE physics. How to prepare for the GPA in Physics

M.: 2019 - 288 p. M.: 2016 - 288 p.

This reference book contains all the theoretical material on the physics course necessary to pass the main state exam in 9th grade. It includes all elements of content, verified by test materials, and helps to generalize and systematize the knowledge and skills of the basic school course. The theory of the course is given in a concise and accessible form. Each section is accompanied by example tests. Practical tasks correspond to the OGE format. They give a comprehensive overview of the types of tasks exam paper and the degree of their complexity. At the end of the manual, answers to all tasks are given, as well as the necessary reference tables. The manual can be used by students to prepare for the Unified State Exam and self-control, and by teachers to prepare primary school students for the final certification in physics.

Format: pdf (2019 , 4th ed., revised. and additional, 288 pp.)

Size: 3.1 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf (2016 , 2nd ed., revised. and additional, 288 pp.)

Size: 6.9 MB

Watch, download:drive.google


CONTENT
Preface 5
MECHANICAL PHENOMENA
Mechanical movement. Trajectory. Path.
Move 7
Uniform linear motion 15
Speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated linear motion 21
Free Fall 31
Uniform movement bodies around the circumference 36
Weight. Substance density 40
Strength. Addition of forces 44
Newton's Laws 49
Friction force 55
Elastic force. Body weight 60
Law universal gravity. Gravity 66
Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum 71
Mechanical work. Power 76
Potential and kinetic energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy 82
Simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms 88
Pressure. Atmospheric pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' Law 94
Mechanical vibrations and waves 105
THERMAL PHENOMENA
Structure of matter. Models of the structure of gas, liquid and solid 116
Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Relationship between the temperature of a substance and the speed of chaotic movement of particles. Brownian motion. Diffusion.
Thermal equilibrium 125
Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as ways to change internal energy 133
Types of heat transfer: thermal conductivity, convection, radiation 138
Amount of heat. Specific heat capacity 146
Law of conservation of energy in thermal processes.
Energy conversion in heat engines 153
Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid 161
Melting and crystallization 169
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA
Electrification of bodies. Two types of electric charges. Interaction of electric charges. Law of conservation of electric charge 176
Electric field. Action electric field to electric charges. Conductors and dielectrics 182
Constant electric current. Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Ohm's law for a site
electrical circuit 188
Series and parallel connections of conductors 200
Work and power of electric current. Joule-Lenz Law 206
Oersted's experience. Magnetic field of current. Interaction of magnets. Action magnetic field per conductor with current 210
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments.
Electromagnetic vibrations and waves 220
Law of rectilinear propagation of light. Law
reflections of light. Flat mirror. Refraction of light 229
Dispersion of light Lens. Focal length of the lens.
The eye as an optical system. Optical instruments 234
QUANTUM PHENOMENA
Radioactivity. Alpha, beta, gamma radiation.
Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model of the atom 241
Compound atomic nucleus. Nuclear reactions 246
Reference materials 252
An example of a variant of control and measuring materials OGE (GIA) 255
Replies 268

The reference book contains all the theoretical material for the basic school physics course and is intended to prepare 9th grade students for the main state exam (OGE).
The content of the main sections of the reference book - “Mechanical Phenomena”, “Thermal Phenomena”, “Electromagnetic Phenomena”, “Quantum Phenomena” - corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements on the subject, on the basis of which the control and measuring materials (CMMs) of the OGE are compiled.
The theoretical material is presented in a concise and accessible form. Clarity of presentation and visibility educational material will allow you to effectively prepare for the exam.
The practical part of the guide includes samples test tasks, which both in form and content fully correspond to the real options offered on the main state exam in physics.

Many parents criticize modern educational system due to its significant focus on obtaining abstract scores rather than real knowledge. There is some truth in this, but in any case, every student expects a GIA in the 9th grade. If you expect to enter a technical university in the future, then preparing for the OGE in physics is one of the key ways to achieve this goal. What is important here is real knowledge, not grades on a report card. How to prepare for the OGE in physics to get the desired score?


Secrets of successful preparation

  1. Having a plan.

    Without an action plan, it's difficult to get a really high score. If preparation for the OGE in physics does not have deadlines for mastering the required information, then by the exam date there is a high probability of knowledge gaps. At the same time, the main thing in the existing plan is that the set goals correspond to the student’s capabilities, including psychological ones. After all, the learning process is not always simple and requires intense brain activity, after which there must be time to rest.

  2. Understanding the current state of knowledge.

    This is important not only when starting preparation, but also directly during the process to determine the level of progress. When preparing for the State Examination, the best way to monitor knowledge is practice tests. Having passed such testing in Unium, the student will receive an optimal level of workload, allowing him to effectively study “problem areas” so that they do not cause loss of points in the exam.

  3. Possibility of preparation adjustments by the mentor.

    Mastering topics can have different productivity. For example, some students easily understand the interference and diffraction of light, while for others this topic is complex and requires more careful attention. A student prepares for the exam at Unium with the constant support of a specialist who will tell you what you need to focus on and what you just need to quickly remember, how to prepare for the OGE in physics systematically and effectively.

The development collects and summarizes experience in solving problems proposed at the OGE in physics in grade 9, within the framework of the section “kinematics. rectilinear motion”. The author tried to develop a short course in which, using the example of analyzing basic simple problems, an understanding is formed general principle solutions to tasks on this topic. Development contains 19 unique tasks from detailed analysis each, and several methods of solving some problems are indicated, which, in the author’s opinion, should contribute to a deep and complete assimilation of methods for solving such tasks. Almost all tasks are authored, but each of them reflects the features of the tasks of the OGE form. The vast majority of tasks are focused on graphical representation, which contributes to the formation of meta-subject skills. In addition, the development contains the minimum necessary theoretical material, which represents a “concentration” general theory under this section. Can be used by a teacher in preparation for a regular lesson, when conducting additional classes, and is also designed for students who are independently preparing to take the OGE in physics.

Methodical manual(presentation) “Electromagnetic oscillations and waves. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2013 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
In development brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and the Plan demo version examination paper (Electromagnetic oscillations and waves), accompanied by animation and video clips.


Target audience: for 9th grade

Methodological manual (presentation) “Air humidity. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Air Humidity), accompanied by animation and video clips.


Methodological manual (presentation) “Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Evaporation and condensation. Liquid boiling), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating relevant topics, which will help guide students for an elective exam in their final years.


The development contains brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Mechanical vibrations and waves. Sound), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.


The methodological manual has been compiled to help teachers and students taking the State Examination in Physics based on FIPI materials to prepare for the exam in new form; contains examples of the design of experimental tasks from part 3. The manual can also be used in physics lessons in grades 7–9 at laboratory work ah, because descriptions of some laboratory work are not given in the textbook.

Methodological manual (presentation) “Archimedes' Law. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Archimedes' Law), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.

The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating relevant topics, which will help guide students for an elective exam in their final years.

Methodological manual (presentation) “Pascal’s Law. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Pascal's Law), accompanied by animation and video clips.

The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.

Methodological manual (presentation) “Pressure. Atmospheric pressure. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development provides brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Pressure. Atmospheric pressure), accompanied by animation and video clips.
The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating relevant topics, which will help guide students for an elective exam in their final years.


Methodological manual (presentation) “Simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms. Preparation for the State Examination" was compiled in accordance with the requirements for the State Final Certification (SFA) in Physics 2010 and is intended to prepare secondary school graduates for the exam.
The development contains brief information on the topic (in accordance with the GIA codifier) ​​and a Plan for the demonstration version of the examination paper (Simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms), accompanied by animation and video clips.

The brevity and clarity of the presentation allows you to quickly and efficiently repeat the material covered when repeating a physics course in the 9th grade, as well as using examples of demo versions of the State Academic Examination in Physics from 2008-2010 to show the application of basic laws and formulas in versions of exam tasks at levels A and B.
The manual can also be used for grades 10-11 when repeating relevant topics, which will help guide students for an elective exam in their final years.

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Studying material without the help of tutors and experienced teachers not only has a number of advantages, but is also associated with certain difficulties. It is advisable to refuse a tutor if:

  1. You have no difficulty understanding the subject. Perhaps you simply missed some topics due to illness, which created gaps in your knowledge, or some of the material was missed by the teacher himself, who gave topics for home review.
  2. You know the subject generally well and want to brush up on your knowledge. Even if your report card always showed excellent marks, do not neglect preparing for the exam. Over the course of a few years, some information is forgotten, and remembering it won’t hurt at all. Plus, doing it yourself is quite easy.
  3. They will be able to help you. Parents-teachers or professors or even excellent classmates who are willing to spend half an hour explaining a complex topic will greatly help you. If you are confident that you can handle the bulk of the material yourself, and complex topics they will help you, feel free to choose independent training.

Start preparing in advance, don’t put everything off until the last few weeks. The end of the year is already a stressful period, you will have to write tests, complete individual assignments and many other types of work, and there will be very little time to prepare. In addition, it is better to absorb information in small parts, delving into each rule and formula.

Exercise regularly. It is better to set aside 1-2 hours every day than to devote the whole weekend to preparing and sitting at the computer for many hours in a row. Don’t forget, the brain can work effectively for no more than 40-45 minutes, after which you must definitely take a break. If you try to “catch up” on all the classes you missed during the week in one day, the material you read will be forgotten very quickly.

Don't forget about repetition. It is best to repeat the material twice - 6 hours after studying and the next day. Repeat and remember only the key information, and you will not forget it until the day of the exam.

Study in a calm, quiet environment, do not be distracted by any household chores, concentrate.

How to prepare for the OGE yourself: what materials are needed?

First of all, take care of the equipment and stock up on all the necessary materials that you will use.

You shouldn’t immediately go to the library and ask for textbooks from previous years; they are unlikely to help you. The fact is that the material in them is presented with lengthy explanations, the study of which will take a lot of time. In addition, the OGE program changes annually, some topics are skipped. In textbooks you will have to learn and repeat everything, even things that may not be useful at all in the exam.

Special preparation guides will be an excellent alternative to textbooks. The material in them is presented concisely; in fact, basic concepts, formulas, dates, rules and other key information are highlighted. Often the text is accompanied by tables, diagrams, diagrams and other graphic components that simplify the process of systematizing and memorizing information.

In addition to manuals and collections with the theoretical part, you will need materials for practice. It would be a good idea to practice solving tests and problems, answering written questions and writing essays, that is, performing the types of tasks that you will encounter during testing.


A complete database of materials for preparation on the site "site"

In order not to waste extra money and time searching for and purchasing all the necessary manuals and collections with training tasks, register on the site "site". Here you will find a complete database of materials that will help you prepare for the OGE in all subjects:

  • Russian language and literature
  • English, Spanish, French, German
  • Chemistry
  • Physics
  • Biology
  • Social studies
  • Stories
  • Mathematics
  • Geographies
  • Computer Science

We have collected all the necessary materials for our users:

  1. Theoretical manuals that contain textual information, tables, diagrams, diagrams, graphs, maps, images and much more.
  2. Practical tasks, including tests, tasks, examples, open tasks with independent formulation of the correct answer, retellings, essays and others.

All materials on the website “site” are divided into separate sections corresponding to subjects and organized by topic. Thanks to this, you can easily find the information you need and prepare yourself as efficiently as possible.

If you are preparing for the Unified State Exam, we offer you online preparation, which will save you time and money.