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Facial chronicle vault of the 16th century.

Tom

The volumes are grouped in relatively chronological order:

  • Bible story
  • History of Rome
  • History of Byzantium
  • Russian history

Face Chronograph

Royal book

  1. Museum collection (GIM). 1031 sheets, 1677 miniatures. An account of sacred, Hebrew and Greek history from the creation of the world to the destruction of Troy in the 13th century. BC e.
  2. Chronographic collection (BAN). 1469 sheets, 2549 miniatures. Exposition of the history of the ancient East, the Hellenistic world and ancient Rome from the 11th century BC e. until the 70s I century n. e.
  3. Face Chronograph (RNB). 1217 sheets, 2191 miniatures. Outline of the history of the ancient Roman Empire from the 70s. I century until 337 and Byzantine history until the 10th century.
  4. Golitsyn volume (RNB). 1035 sheets, 1964 miniatures. Presentation national history for 1114-1247 and 1425-1472.
  5. Laptev volume (RNB). 1005 sheets, 1951 miniature. Outline of Russian history for 1116-1252.
  6. Osterman's first volume (BAN). 802 sheets, 1552 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1254-1378.
  7. Osterman's second volume (BAN). 887 sheets, 1581 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1378-1424.
  8. Shumilovsky volume (RNL). 986 sheets, 1893 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1425, 1478-1533.
  9. Synodal volume (GIM). 626 l, 1125 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1533-1542, 1553-1567.
  10. Royal Book (GIM). 687 sheets, 1291 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1533-1553.

History of the creation of the vault

The miniatures from the Code are widely known and used both in the form of illustrations and in art.

Facsimile edition (2008)

A copy of the complete facsimile edition of the Litsevoy Chronicle can be found in the library of the Manuscripts Department of the State Historical Museum in Moscow and in the Pushkin House in St. Petersburg.

Currently, the Facial Chronicle is published for charitable and educational purposes by the Society of Lovers of Ancient Writing. Distributed free of charge.

Literature

  • Podobedova O. I. Miniatures of Russian historical manuscripts: On the history of Russian facial chronicles / USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Art History of the USSR Ministry of Culture. - M.: Nauka, 1965. - 336 p. - 1,400 copies.
  • Pokrovskaya V. F. From the history of the creation of the Facial Chronicle of the second half of the 16th century. // Materials and reports on the collections of the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books of the Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - M.; L., 1966.
  • Amosov A. A. Facial chronicle of Ivan the Terrible: A comprehensive codicological study. - M.: Editorial URSS, 1998. - 392 p. - 1,000 copies. - ISBN 5-901006-49-6(in translation)
  • Facial chronicle code of the 16th century: Methodology for describing and studying a disparate chronicle complex / Comp. E. A. Belokon, V. V. Morozov, S. A. Morozov; Rep. ed. S. O. Schmidt. - M.: Publishing house of the Russian State University for the Humanities, 2003. - 224, p. - 1,500 copies. - ISBN 5-7281-0564-5(in translation)
  • Presnyakov A. E. Moscow Historical Encyclopedia of the 16th century // IORYAS. - 1900. - T. 5, book. 3. - pp. 824-876.
  • Morozov V.V. Front chronicle about the campaign of Igor Svyatoslavich // TODRL. - 1984. - T. 38. - P. 520-536.
  • Kloss B. M. Chronicle corpus obverse // Dictionary of scribes and bookishness Ancient Rus'. Vol. 2, part 2 (L - Z). - L., 1989. - P. 30-32.

Links

  • Facial chronicle collection on the website of the “Society of Lovers of Ancient Writing” (electronic facsimile of volumes I - VI)
  • Ulyanov O. G. “Deesis of Andreev’s letter to Rublev” from the Annunciation Church of the Moscow Kremlin: to the 575th anniversary of the repose of the reverend icon painter
  • Ulyanov O. G. Study of the semantics of Old Russian miniatures
  • Selected miniatures from the “Facebook Chronicle” on the Varvar.ru website

Notes


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what the “Facebook Chronicle” is in other dictionaries:

    Russian, decorated with 16 thousand miniatures, 10 volumes, approx. 9 thousand sheets. Compiled in the 60s. 16th century Covered the period from the creation of the world to 1567... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

    FACIAL CHRONICLE, a chronicle decorated with miniatures in 10 volumes. (about 9 thousand sheets). Compiled in the 60s. 16th century Covers the period from the creation of the world to 1567. Includes 16 thousand miniatures. Source: Encyclopedia Fatherland ... Russian history

    Russian, decorated with 16 thousand miniatures, 10 volumes, about 9 thousand sheets. Compiled in the 60s. XVI century Covered the period “from the creation of the world” to 1567. * * * LITSEVOY CHRNICAL CODE FACIAL CHronicle CODE, Russian chronicle code of 1540-1560s,... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

    Chronicle collection 40-60s. 16th century Consists of 10 volumes containing about 9 thousand sheets, decorated with 16 thousand miniatures. Covers the period “from the creation of the world” to 1567. Creation of L. l. With. lasted intermittently for more than 30 years. The text was being prepared... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

    Chronicle collection 2nd half. 16th century Consists of 10 volumes containing approx. 9 thousand sheets, decorated with 16 thousand miniatures. Creation of L. l. With. lasted intermittently for more than three decades. L.l. With. can be divided into three parts: three chronograph volumes containing... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

    Chronicle collection Litsevoy- – vault of the 16th century, the largest chronicle-chronographic work medieval Rus'. L.S. L. has come down to us in 10 volumes, where almost every page is decorated with miniatures (there are more than 16,000 miniatures in total). The first three volumes of L. p. L. are dedicated to the world... ... Dictionary of scribes and bookishness of Ancient Rus'

    facial- a/i, o/e 1) Related to the face, located on the face. Facial nerve. Facial muscles. 2) Front part, front side of something. Front side of the fence. Behind the village there was a bridge over the Demena River, after which the village of Pavlinovo stretched to the right,... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language

    Adj., used. compare often 1. Facial is anything associated with the face as the front part of a person’s head. Facial nerve. | Facial muscles. 2. The front side is the front, outward-facing part of something, as opposed to... ... Dictionary Dmitrieva

the largest chronicle-chronographic collection of Ancient Rus'. L.S. was created by order of Ivan the Terrible in Alexandrovskaya Sloboda in 1568-1576. It contained a statement world history from the creation of the world to the 15th century. and Russian history until 1567. According to A. A. Amosov’s calculations, the surviving ten volumes of L. S. number 9,745 sheets, decorated with 17,744 color illustrations (miniatures). There is reason to believe that the eleventh volume, containing an account of Russian history, was compiled (or was compiled, but lost) ancient period until 1114. The first three volumes of L.S. contained the text of historical biblical books (Pentateuch, books of Joshua. Judges, book of Ruth, four books of Kings, book of Esther, book of the prophet Daniel), full text Alexandria, “History of the Jewish War” by Josephus and two narratives about the Trojan War: the Old Russian translation of the Latin novel by Guido de Columna “The History of the Destruction of Troy” and “The Tale of the Creation and Captivity of Troy” extracted from the Russian Chronograph. Subsequently, the sources of information on world history were the “Greek and Roman Chronicler” of the second edition and the Russian Chronograph based on it. Russian history in volumes 4-10 is presented mainly according to the Nikon Chronicle, but already starting from the events of 1152, additional material, compared with this chronicle, is found in L.S. As B. M. Kloss established, its sources could be the Resurrection Chronicle, the Novgorod Code of 1539, “The Chronicler of the Beginning of the Kingdom” and other sources. Around 1575, the already prepared text of L.S., at the direction of Ivan the Terrible, was subjected to significant revision in the part that contained a description of his reign, i.e., from 1533 to 1568. In the notes made by an unknown editor in the margins of the manuscript, contained, in particular, charges against persons executed or repressed during the oprichnina. Work on L.S. was not completed - the miniatures of the last part were made only in ink sketches, but not painted. L.S. is not only an invaluable monument of book art, but also the most important historical source: miniatures, despite the conventionality and symbolic nature of some images, provide rich material for judgments about the historical realities of their time, and the study of editorial changes made to the last volume of L.S. . S. (the so-called “Royal Book”), allows us to deepen our information about the complex political struggle in the post-oprichny period, to judge Ivan’s changed assessments of the activities of certain of his associates, and about the tsar’s new views on the very events of his reign. The text of L.S. was published in the part that is based on the Nikon Chronicle (PSRL.-T. 9-13). Publisher: Shchepkin V. Facial collection of the Imperial Russian Historical Museum // IORYAS.-1899.-T. 4, book. 4.-S. 1345- 1385; Presnyakov A. E.; 1) The Royal Book, its composition and origin. - St. Petersburg, 1893; 2) Moscow Historical Encyclopedia of the 16th century. // IORYAS.- 1900.- T. 4, book. 3.- pp. 824-876; Artsikhovsky A.V. Old Russian miniatures as a historical source. - M., 1944; Podobedova O.I. Miniatures of Russian historical manuscripts. - M., 1965. -S. 102-332; Amosov A. A.; 1) On the question of the time of origin of the Facial Arch of Ivan the Terrible // Materials and communications on the funds of the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books of the Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences. -L., 1978. - P. 6-36; 2) Facial chronicle of Ivan the Terrible: Experience in comprehensive source research // ADD.- St. Petersburg, 1991; K l o s with B. M. 1) Nikonovsky arch and Russian chronicles of the XVI-XVII centuries.-M., 1980.-P. 206-265; 2) Chronicle collection Litsevoy // Dictionary of scribes.- Vol. 2, part 2.- pp. 30-32; 3) Royal book // Ibid. - pp. 506.-508. O. V. Tvorogov

FACIAL VOD, Lice-voy le-to-pis-ny vault (from other Russian “face” - image-bra-zhe-niya, ris-sun-ki) - Russian historical illu-st-ri-ro-van-noe pro-iz-ve-de-nie of the 16th century.

The question about the time of creation of the Facial Vault caused a great deal of confusion in the is-to-rio-graphy. From the creation of the memory to the period of the reign of Tsar Ivan IV Va-sil-e-vi-cha Groz-no-go, used next-to-va-te-li yes-ti-ro-va-li the formation of the Facial Vault in the 1550s (O.I. Po-do-be-do-va), beginning of 1560- s (D.N. Al-shits, R.G. Skryn-nikov), the end of the 1570s (N.P. Li-kha-chev, S.O. Schmidt, A.A. Amo- owls). A comprehensive analysis of the Facial Vault allowed us to conclude that work on it began around 1569 (Amo-sov), and stopped around 1586 (V.V. Mo-ro-zov). There is no unity on the question of the place of creation of the ru-co-pi-si: in-mi-mo Mo-sk-you are-search-to-va-te- did you call for the city residence of Ivan IV - Alek-san-d-ro-vu slo-bo-du (B.M. Kloss), etc. ..

10 volumes of the Facial Vault have been preserved, of which oh-va-you-va-y events “from the Creation of the world” to 1567 ( 10 thousand sheets of large format with 17 thousand miniatures). In the present day, we cannot see that the Facial Vault was formed in the 17th-18th centuries, when individual sheets were re-woven we are in that-ma, while some of the sheets were ut-ra-che-na, part of the re-pu-ta-na (for example, part of the same text is black -in the va-ri-an-ta is-to-rii of Ivan IV found themselves in the composition of Si-no-dal-no-go to-ma and Tsar-st-ven- no book). In the morning, the initial part of the text on Russian history, containing “The Tale of Bygone Years”; some from the 1560s; the final part of the memory with the weight until 1586; various small fragments (the morning text of the Facial Vault is restored according to the text of Alek-san-d-ro-Nev-skaya and Le-be-dev-skoy le-to-pi-sey).

In the first three volumes of the Facial Vault (the so-called Chrono-graphic part) the whole world's history is presented: Museum collection of co-derivatives lives from the sacred and ancient non-Hebrew history from the Creation of the world to the destruction of Troy in the 13th century before AD; Chro-no-graphic collection - the history of the ancient and el-li-nistic East and Ancient Rome; Li-tse-voy chrono-graph - history of Ancient Rome since the 70s of the 1st century AD. to 337 and Byzantine history from 337 to the 10th century. The remaining 7 volumes (the so-called Le-to-pis-naya part) after-the-va-tel-but from-la-ga-yut events of Russian history : Go-li-tsyn-sky volume oh-va-you-va-et periods 1114-1247 and 1425-1472 (with significant pro-pu-ka-mi, re-establish-nav- whether-we-we-mi according to other things); Lap-tev-sky volume - 1116-1252 (since Vo-sta-nav-li-vae-we-mi-pus-ka-mi); Os-ter-ma-novsky I volume - 1254-1378; Os-ter-ma-novsky volume II - 1378-1425 (now not a fragment of the volume with the News of the Battle of Ku-li-kov-skaya on-ho-dit-sya in a separate re-plete); Shu-mi-lovsky volume - 1425, 1472-1533; Si-no-distant volume - 1535-1542, 1553-1567 (with significant pro-pu-ka-mi, re-establish-sta-nav-li-vae-we-mi according to Alek-san-d- ro-Nev-skoy and Le-be-dev-skoy le-to-pi-syam); Tsar's book - 1533-1553.

At present, the Facial Vault is dis-integrated: the Museum collection, the Si-no-distant volume and the Tsar-ven-naya book are stored in the State Historical Museum ; Chro-no-gra-fi-che-sky collection, Os-ter-ma-nov-sky I and II volumes - in the Library of the Academy of Sciences; Li-tse-voy chro-no-graph, Go-li-tsyn-sky, Lap-tev-sky and Shu-mi-lov-sky to-ma - in the Russian National Library. Selected research (O.I. Po-do-be-do-va, B.M. Kloss, Yu.A. Ne-vo-lin, A.A. Amo-sov ) complete this complex of ru-ko-pi-sey: the so-called Yegorovsky collection (RSL), containing Apo-ka-lip-sis, Word John-an-na-of-God-words on the Dormition of God-ro-di-tsy, Word of praise on the Za-cha-tie of John-an-na-pred-te -chi, Tale of Chu-de-sah ar-khan-ge-la Mi-khai-la; Lives of the Ni-ko-ly (RSL), co-containing the Life of the Ni-ko-laya arch-hi-episco-pa World of the Li-kiys and a fragment of the Book of By -tiya with po-ve-st-vo-va-ni-em about po-to-pe and table-by-your-re-niy.

The text of the Facial Code presents a good-co-ve-st-com-pi-la-tion of women in its basis based on -kov. When compiling the Chro-no-graphic part of the is-precision (books of the Vet-ho-go-go-za-veta, Tro-yan-skaya is-to-ria Gwi-do de Ko-lum-ny, “Alek-san-d-riya”, “Is-to-riya of the Jewish War” by Jo-si-fa Flavius, El-linsky le -to-pi-sets, Tol-to-vaya pa-leya, Chro-ni-ka Ge-or-gia Amar-to-la, Chro-no-graph 1512) used half- but-stu, without passes or from-ra frag-men. To talk about the events of Russian history, it was used to use a few years of writing (Ni-ko-nov-skaya, Vos -kre-sen-skaya), Vault of 1560, Le-to-pi-sets na-cha-la tsar-st-va, Le-to-pi-sets of 1568, Novgorod vault of 1539 , Po-st-ni-kov-sky le-to-pi-sets and “Ste-pen-naya kni-ga”. The Facial Vault included more than 30 works that were outside the written memorials (lives, in weight, etc.), which allows us to call it our own literary anthology. The facial vault was intended to substantiate the idea of ​​the rise of the divine Russian state. This is the reason for the whole world's history as a succession of successive rises and pa-de-niy of various kingdoms. The result and final goal of this process is the Russian state headed by the family of its “most powerful” people, the most more close to the morning ideal of the Garden of Paradise. The Russian “self-powers” ​​are first the Ki-ev-skie, then the Vla-di-mir-skie and, finally, the Mo-s-cov- Chinese - on-chi-naya from Prince Vla-di-mi-ra Holy-sla-vi-cha God-from-bra-ny and on-de-le-ny wisdom.

Mi-nia-tyu-ra-mi pro-il-lu-st-ri-ro-va-na most of the communities of the Facial Vault, they are closely connected with the text. Illustrating modern or recent events, the artist used the blue-de-nya over the surrounding days -st-vi-tel-no-stuy, when turning to more ancient eras, he took as a basis the mini-nia-ty-ry ru-ko-pi- this XIV-XV centuries, modernizing them (A.V. Ar-tsi-khov-sky). In addition, from the mi-nia-tyur of the Facial Vault, they served as “icon-no-written sub-lin-ni-ki”, Western European pe- chat books (chro-ni-ka G. She-de-la) and gra-vu-ry, including A. Du-re-ra, H. Khol-bey-na Mlad-she-go (see in the article Hol-bein), etc. As the analysis of artistic features of the mi-nia-tyur suggests, work is being done on them -or at least 6 mas-te-rows, which were part of the Ma-ne-ra Moscow school of life of the 16th century with new-city-rod-ski-mi and tver-ski-mi elements-men-ta-mi.

At this point, you are working on Ivan IV’s story. The facial vault has been subjected to re-work: this part of the facial vault, re-re-pi -san-naya na-be-lo, was-supplied with-with-pi-ka-mi, which-ry su-s-st-ve-ven-but-me-with-holding -nie text-sta and mi-nia-tyur. Investigating the connection between their origins and the editor's intervention of Ivan IV ( S.F. Pla-to-nov, D.N. Al-shits), I.M. Vis-ko-va-to-go (B.A. Ro-ma-nov, N.M. Ro-go-zhin), B.F. Go-du-no-va (V.V. Mo-ro-zov).

In 2004-2006, the production was underway and the release of the fac-si-mil-no-go from the Li-tse-vo-go-go-da.

Sources:

The story of the Ku-li-kov-skaya battle: Text and mini-ty-ry of the Li-tse-vo-go code of the 16th century. L., 1984;

The life of Alek-san Dr. Nevsky. Text and mi-nia-tu-ry of the Li-tse-vo-le-to-pis-no-go svo-da of the 16th century. L., 1990;

Li-tse-voy le-to-pis-ny vault of the 16th century. [Scientific fax-mile-issuance]. M., 2006. Book. 1-10.

Pre-snyakov A.E. Moscow historical en-cyclo-pedia of the 16th century. // From the weight of the Russian language and language. St. Petersburg, 1900. T. 5. Book. 3

Po-be-do-va O.I. Mi-nia-tu-ry of Russian is-to-ri-che-ru-ko-pi-sey: to the is-to-ry of Russian-sko- go li-tse-vo-go le-to-pi-sa-niya. M., 1965

Amo-sov A.A. Li-tse-voy summer-written arch of Ivan Groz-no-go: complex co-di-ko-lo-gi-che-che-study. M., 1998

Li-tse-voy summer-written code of the 16th century. no-go complex-sa. M., 2003

Ar-tsi-khov-sky A.V. Ancient-non-Russian minia-tu-ry as an is-to-ri-che-sky is-toch-nik. M.; Tomsk, 2004

Mo-ro-call V.V. The face vault in the context of the father-che-st-ven-no-go le-to-pi-sa-niya of the 16th century. M., 2005

Illustrations:

1. BDT archive. Face vault. Fragment of text-sta and mi-nia-tyu-ra. 2nd half of the 16th century Russian national library (St. Petersburg).

2. BDT archive. Face vault. Fragment of a list with notes. 2nd half of the 16th century Is-to-ri-ches-ky museum (Mo-sk-va).

Gg.) especially for the royal library in a single copy. The word “facial” in the title of the Code means illustrated, with images “in faces”.

Facial chronicle vault
Facial chronicle vault

Ice battle. One of the miniatures of the Facial Chronicle vault
Trust the source raises doubts
Other names Facial vault of Ivan the Terrible, Tsar-Book
Date of writing 16th century (previously - gg.)
Original language Church Slavonic
Describes 5509 BC e. - 1567 years
Genre historical chronicle
Volume 10 volumes on 10 thousand sheets
Primary sources Old Testament, Iliad, Hellenic and Roman Chronicler, Tale of Bygone Years (presumably)
Original

Tom

The volumes are grouped in relatively chronological order:

  • Bible story
  • History of Rome
  • History of Byzantium
  • Russian history
  1. Museum collection (GIM). 1031 sheets, 1677 miniatures. An account of sacred, Hebrew and Greek history from the creation of the world to the destruction of Troy in the 13th century. BC e.
  2. Chronographic collection (BAN). 1469 sheets, 2549 miniatures. An account of the history of the ancient East, the Hellenistic world and ancient Rome from the 11th century. BC e. until the 70s I century n. e.
  3. Face Chronograph (RNB). 1217 sheets, 2191 miniatures. Outline of the history of the ancient Roman Empire from the 70s. I century to 337 and Byzantine history to the 10th century.
  4. Golitsyn volume (Royal Chronicler)(RNB, F.IV.225). 1035 sheets, 1964 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1114-1247 and 1425-1472.
  5. Laptev volume(RNB, F.IV.233). 1005 sheets, 1951 miniature. Outline of Russian history for 1116-1252.
  6. Osterman's first volume(BAN, 31.7.30-1). 802 sheets, 1552 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1254-1378.
  7. Osterman's second volume(BAN, 31.7.30-2). 887 sheets, 1581 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1378-1424.
  8. Shumilovsky volume(RNB, F.IV.232). 986 sheets, 1893 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1425, 1478-1533.
  9. Synodal volume(GIM, Sin. No. 962). 626 l, 1125 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1533-1542, 1553-1567.
  10. Royal book(GIM, Sin. No. 149). 687 sheets, 1291 miniatures. Outline of Russian history for 1533-1553.

It is assumed that the beginning and end of this chronicle, namely the Tale of Bygone Years, part of the history of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, as well as some other fragments, have not been preserved.

History of the creation of the vault

The miniatures from the Code are widely known and used both in the form of illustrations and in art.

Facsimile edition (2008)

In 2004, the Akteon publishing house, specially created for the release of a facsimile edition of the Personal Chronicle Code, began preparations for the release of the Code. The scientific facsimile edition consists of 19 facsimile books and 11 accompanying volumes with descriptions of manuscripts and transliteration of the text, which are subsequently transferred to the largest libraries in the country. The first three volumes were presented on February 15, 2007.

A copy of the complete facsimile edition of the Personal Chronicle can be found in the library of the manuscript department of the State Historical Museum in Moscow and in the Pushkin House in St. Petersburg.

Notes

Literature

  • Facial vault / V.V. Morozov // Great Russian Encyclopedia: [in 35 volumes] / ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004-2017.
  • Artsikhovsky A.V. Old Russian miniatures as a historical source. - M., 1944.

Ivan the Terrible is a tyrant, a murderer, whom our History curses. However…. During his reign, the territory of Rus' increased more than 10 times, the population doubled. The first sets of laws were adopted and, according to archival files, none of those executed by Ivan the Terrible were executed without a detailed trial and accusation. In order for peasants to move to new lands, they were paid 5 rubles - a lot of money, with which they could rebuild an excellent farm.

What we are looking for is the library of this illiterate tyrant, which has been lost for centuries. Moreover, he purchased books for this library all over the world for huge amounts of money. Each volume was decorated with gold and precious stones.

There are many inconsistencies between what we are told about Ivan the Terrible and what we see from the second layer of information available from the statistics of that period

But here I want to present to you the first six volumes (out of 20) from his Tsar Book. The tyrant and murderer ordered this book to be created in a single copy for the education of his children.

How do we ourselves want to see Ivan the Terrible? I would like to know more about him, not only official version our Historians.

The book is written in 15th-century Russian and is interesting for those who want to read in Old Church Slavonic.

The book is again uniquely illustrated - you just need to see it.....

The front (i.e., illustrated, with the image “in faces”) chronicle collection is not only a monument of Russian written culture and a masterpiece of ancient Russian literature. This is a cult, historical, artistic monument of world significance. It is no coincidence that it is unofficially called the Tsar Book (by analogy with the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell).

The facial chronicle was created in the 2nd half of the 16th century by order of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in a single copy for the education of his children. Metropolitan and “sovereign” artisans worked on the books of the Front Vault: about 15 scribes and 10 artists. The arch consists of more than 10 thousand sheets and over 17 thousand illustrations, and the visual material occupies about 2/3 of the entire volume of the monument. Miniature drawings (church, historical, battle and everyday genres) not only illustrate the text, but also complement it. Some events are not only written, but also drawn. Miniatures tell readers what clothing, military armor, church vestments, weapons, tools, household items, etc. looked like in ancient times.

In the history of world writing there is no monument similar to the Facial Chronicle, both in breadth of coverage and in volume. It included sacred, Hebrew and ancient Greek history, stories about the Trojan War and Alexander the Great, the history of the Roman and Byzantine empires, as well as a chronicle covering major events Russia of four and a half centuries: from 1114 to 1567. In the Facial Vault, the history of the Russian state is considered inextricably with world history.

During the time of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, the book was kept in the Kremlin, then it came to different owners. Due to various historical circumstances, the Facial Vault turned out to be fragmented into 10 folio volumes. In the XVII-XIX centuries. these volumes were in private collections, passing from one owner to another. Their owners, in particular, were Nikon (Minov), Peter I, Osterman, the Golitsyn princes, and famous merchants. Gradually, the collection of the manuscript ended up in the collections of various libraries. Today, the Tsar Book is kept in parts in Moscow (in the State Historical Museum) and St. Petersburg (in the Russian National Library and the Library of the Academy of Sciences).

Name: Facial chronicle of Ivan the Terrible. Volume 01 - 06
Year of publication: approximately 1550
Number of pages: 296+314+989+611+919+870
Format: PDF
Size: 65+62+391+232+299+253 MB