I'll tell you a secret: correct and irregular verbs English language- the most “favorite” topic of teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate would have it that the most popular and frequently used in English speech words. For example, the famous phrase “to be or not to be” also contains an irregular verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)
Just take a second and imagine how wonderful it would be to add an ending -ed to main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English students are destined to take part in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of irregular verbs in the English language with translation and transcription.
1. IRREGULAR VERBS
Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. You won’t have to rant about them for a long time. You just need to accept it and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to detect any logical connection. All that remains is to put the table in front of you and learn, just as you once memorized the English alphabet.
It’s good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put). But there are especially harmful forms that are written as twins, but are pronounced differently (read - read - read). Just as only the best tea leaves of the best varieties are selected for a royal tea party, we have collected the most commonly used irregular verbs, arranged them alphabetically, visually conveniently arranged them in a table - we did everything to make you smile and... teach. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.
And to make memorization not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, to begin with, write down all the verbs where the three forms coincide. Then those where the two forms coincide (these are the majority, by the way). Or, let’s say, today you learn words starting with the letter “b” (don’t think anything bad), and tomorrow - a different word. No limits to imagination for those in love with English!
And without leaving the cash register, we suggest you take a test on your knowledge of irregular verbs.
Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:
infinitive form of the verb (Infinitive) | simple past tense ( Past Simple) | past participle | Translation | |
1 | abide [ə"baɪd] | abode [ə"bəud] | abode [ə"bəud] | abide, stick to something |
2 | arise [ə"raɪz] | arose [ə"rəuz] | arisen [ə"rɪz(ə)n] | arise, rise |
3 | awake [ə"weɪk] | awoke [ə"wəuk] | awoken [əˈwoʊkn] | wake up, wake up |
4 | be | was ; were | been | to be, to be |
5 | bear | bore | born | wear, give birth |
6 | beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | beat |
7 | become | became | become | become, become |
8 | befall | befell | befallen | happen |
9 | begin | began | begun | start off) |
10 | hold | beheld | beheld | peer, notice |
11 | bend | bent | bent | bend, bend |
12 | beseech | thoughtless | thoughtless | beg, beg |
13 | beset | beset | beset | surround, besiege |
14 | bet | bet | bet | bet |
15 | bid | bid | bid | bid, command, ask |
16 | bind | bound | bound | bind |
17 | bite | bit | bitten ["bɪtn] | bite) |
18 | bleed | bled | bled | bleed, empty |
19 | blow | blew | blown | blow |
20 | break | broke | broken ["brəuk(ə)n] | break, interrupt, break |
21 | breed | bred | bred | give birth, breed, breed |
22 | bring | brought | brought | bring, bring |
23 | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast, disseminate |
24 | build | built | built | build, build in |
25 | burn | burnt | burnt | burn, burn |
26 | burst | burst | burst | explode) |
27 | buy | bought | bought | buy |
28 | can | could | could | be physically able |
29 | cast | cast | cast | throw, pour (metal) |
30 | catch | caught | caught | catch, grab |
31 | choose [ʧuːz] | chose [ʧuːz] | chosen ["ʧəuz(ə)n] | choose |
32 | cling | clung | clung | stick, cling, cling |
33 | cleave | cleft | cloven ["kləuv(ə)n] | cut, split |
34 | clothe | clothed | clothed | dress, clothe |
35 | come | came | come [ kʌm ] | come |
36 | cost | cost [ kɒst] | cost [ kɒst] | evaluate, cost |
37 | creep | crept | crept | crawl |
38 | cut | cut [ kʌt ] | cut [ kʌt ] | cut, prune |
39 | dare | durst | dared | dare |
40 | deal | dealt | dealt | deal, trade, consider a matter |
41 | dig | dug | dug | dig |
42 | dive | dove | dived | dive |
43 | do/does | did | done | do |
44 | draw | drew | drawn | drag, draw |
45 | dream | dream | dream | dream, dream |
46 | drink | drank | drunk | drink, have a drink |
47 | drive | drove | driven [ˈdrɪvn̩] | to go, to carry, to drive, to drive |
48 | dwell | dwelt | dwelt | dwell, abide, linger on something |
49 | eat | ate | eaten [ˈiːtn̩] | eat, eat, eat |
50 | fall | fell | fallen [ˈfɔːlən] | fall |
51 | feed | fed | fed [ fed] | feed) |
52 | feel | felt | felt [ felt ] | feel |
53 | fight | fought [ˈfɔːt ] | fought [ˈfɔːt ] | fight, fight |
54 | find | found | found | find |
55 | fit | fit [ fɪt ] | fit [ fɪt ] | fit, fit |
56 | flee | fled | fled | run away, flee |
57 | fling | flung | flung | throw, throw |
58 | fly | flew | flown | fly, fly over |
59 | forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbid |
60 | forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst] | forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd] | foresee, predict | |
61 | forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
62 | forego | forewent | foregone | refuse, abstain |
63 | foretell | foretold | foretold | predict, prognosticate |
64 | forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive, |
65 | forsake | forsook | forsaken | give up, refuse |
66 | freeze | froze | frozen [ˈfrəʊzən] | freeze, freeze |
67 | get [ˈɡet] | got [ˈɡɒt] | got [ˈɡɒt] | receive, become |
68 | gild [ɡɪld] | gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd] | gild | |
69 | give [ɡɪv] | gave [ɡeɪv] | given [ɡɪvn̩] | give |
70 | go/goes [ɡəʊz] | went [ˈwent] | gone [ɡɒn] | go, go |
71 | grind [ɡraɪnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | sharpen, grind |
72 | grow [ɡrəʊ] | grew [ɡruː] | grown [ɡrəʊn] | grow, grow |
73 | hang | hung ; hung | hung[ hʌŋ]; hanged [ hæŋd ] | hang, hang |
74 | have | had | had | have, possess |
75 | hew | hewed | hewed ; hewn | chop, hew |
76 | hear | heard | heard | hear |
77 | hide | hid | hidden [ˈhɪdn̩] | hide, hide |
78 | hit | hit [ hɪt ] | hit [ hɪt ] | hit, strike |
79 | hold | held | held | hold, maintain (possess) |
80 | hurt | hurt | hurt | damage, hurt, injure |
81 | keep | kept | kept | keep, store |
82 | kneel | knelt ; kneeled | kneel | |
83 | knit | knit ; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd ] | knit | |
84 | know | knew | known | know |
85 | lay | laid | laid | put |
86 | lead | led | led | lead, accompany |
87 | lean | leant ; leaned | lean, lean against | |
88 | leap | leapt ; leaped [liːpt] | leapt ; leaped | jump |
89 | learn | learn ; learned | learn, learn | |
90 | leave | left | left | leave, leave |
91 | lend | tape | tape [lent] | lend, lend |
92 | let | let [let] | let [let] | allow, rent out |
93 | lie | lay | lain | lie |
94 | light | lit ; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd ] | lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | light up, illuminate |
95 | lose | lost | lost | lose |
96 | make [ˈmeɪk ] | made [ˈmeɪd ] | made [ˈmeɪd ] | do, force |
97 | may | might | might | be able, have the right |
98 | mean | meant | meant | mean, imply |
99 | meet | met | met | meet, get acquainted |
100 | mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | mishear |
101 | mislay | mislaid | mislaid | misplace |
102 | mistake | mistook | mistaken | to be mistaken, to be mistaken |
103 | mow | mowed | town | mow |
104 | overtake | overtook | overtaken | catch up |
105 | pay | paid | paid | pay |
106 | prove | proved | proved; proven | prove, certify |
107 | put | put | put | put |
108 | quit | quit; quitted | quit; quitted | leave, leave |
109 | read | read; red | read; red | read |
110 | rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | rebuild, restore |
111 | rid | rid; ridded | rid; ridded | free, deliver |
112 | ride | rode | ridden | ride |
113 | ring | rank | rung | call, ring |
114 | rise | rose | risen | rise, ascend |
115 | run | ran | run | run, flow |
116 | saw | sawed | sawn; sawed | saw |
117 | say | said | said | talk, say |
118 | see | saw | seen | see |
119 | seek | sought | sought | search |
120 | sell | sold | sold | sell |
121 | send | sent | sent | send, send |
122 | set | set | set | place, place |
123 | sew | sewed | sewed; sewn | sew |
124 | shake | shook | shaken | shake |
125 | shall | should | should | be to |
126 | shave | shaved | shaved | shave) |
127 | shear | sheared | shorn | cut, cut; deprive |
128 | shed | shed | shed | dump, spill |
129 | shine | shone; shined | shone; shined | shine, shine |
130 | shoe | shod | shod | shoe, shoe |
131 | shoot | shot | shot | fire |
132 | show | showed | shown; showed | show |
133 | shrink | shrank; shrunk | shrunk | shrink, shrink, recoil, recoil |
134 | shut | shut | shut | close |
135 | sing | sang | sung | sing |
136 | sink | sank | sunk | sink, sink, sink |
137 | sit | sat | sat | sit |
138 | slay | slew | slain | kill, destroy |
139 | sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
140 | slide | slide | slide | slide |
141 | sling | slung | slung | throw, fling, hang over the shoulder, hang |
142 | slit | slit | slit | cut lengthwise |
143 | smell | smelt; smelled | smelt; smelled | smell, sniff |
144 | sow | sowed | sowed; south | sow |
145 | speak | spoke | spoken | speak |
146 | speed | sped; speeded | sped; speeded | hurry, speed up |
147 | spell | spelt; spelled | spelt; spelled | write, spell a word |
148 | spend | spent | spent | spend, deplete |
149 | spill | spilt | spilt | spill |
150 | spin | spun | spun | spin |
151 | spit | spat | spat | spit, impale, poke, pro- |
152 | split | split | split | to split, to split |
153 | spoiler | spoilt; spoiled | spoilt; spoiled | spoil, spoil |
154 | spread | spread | spread | spread |
155 | spring | sprang | sprung | jump, jump up |
156 | stand | stood | stood | stand |
157 | steal | stole | stolen | steal, steal |
158 | stick | stuck | stuck | stick, stick, stick |
159 | sting | stung | stung | sting |
160 | stink | stand; stunk | stunk | stink, repel |
161 | strew | strewed | strewn; strewed | scatter, scatter, spread |
162 | stride | strode | stridden | step |
163 | strike | struck | struck | strike, hit, strike |
164 | string | strung | strung | tie, pull, string |
165 | strive | strove | striven | strive, try |
166 | swear | swore | sworn | swear, swear, swear |
167 | sweep | swept | swept | revenge |
168 | swell | swelled | swollen; swelled | swell, swell, swell |
169 | swim | swam | swum | swim |
170 | swing | swung | swung | swing, swing |
171 | take | took | taken | take |
172 | teach | taught | taught | teach, teach |
173 | tear | tore | torn | tear, un-, s-, from- |
174 | tell | told | told | tell, report |
175 | think | thought | thought | think |
176 | throw | threw | thrown | throw, throw |
177 | thrust | thrust | thrust | push, prick, drive out, thrust |
178 | thread | trod | trod; trodden | step |
179 | unbend | unbent | unbent | unbend |
180 | undergone | Underwent | undergone | experience, endure |
181 | understand | understood | understood | understand |
182 | undertake | undertook | took | undertake, guarantee |
183 | upset | upset | upset | to overturn, to squeeze |
184 | wake | woke; awakened | woken; awakened | wake up, wake up |
185 | wear | wore | worn | wear (clothes) |
186 | weave | wow; weaved | woven; weaved | weave |
187 | wed | wed; wedded | wed; wedded | to marry, to marry |
188 | weep | wept | wept | cry |
189 | will | would | would | want to be |
190 | wet | wet; wetted | wet; wetted | wet, you-, pro- |
191 | win | won | won | win, receive |
192 | wind | wound | wound | wind up (mechanism), wind up |
193 | withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | take back, take away |
194 | wring | wrung | wrung | press, squeeze, twist |
195 | write | wrote | written | write |
After this video you will love learning irregular verbs! Yo! :) ...for those who are impatient, it is advisable to watch from 38 seconds
For fans of the advanced teacher and rap lovers, we offer a backing track for a personal way of learning irregular verbs in karaoke style, and in the future, perhaps, for recording a new personal video with your teacher/teacher/class. Weak or not weak?
2. REGULAR VERBS
When the most difficult part in the form of irregular verbs is mastered (we want to believe that this is the case), you can crack the regular verbs of the English language like nuts. They are called so because they form the past tense form and participle II in exactly the same way. In order not to overload your brain once again, we’ll simply designate them as form 2 and form 3. And both of them are obtained using the ending - ed.
For example: look - looked,work - worked
2.1 And for those who like to get to the bottom of everything, you can conduct a brief educational program about the mysterious term “participle II”. Firstly, why Communion? Because how else can we designate a three-headed dragon, which has the characteristics of 3 parts of speech at once: verb, adjective and adverb. Accordingly, such a form is always found WITH PARTS (at once with three).
Secondly, why II? Because there is also I . Quite logical Only participle I has an ending -ing, and participle II has the ending -ed in regular verbs, and any ending in irregular ones ( written , built , come ).
2.2 And everything would be fine, but there are some nuances.
If the verb ends in -y, then you need an ending -ied(study - studied).
. If the verb consists of one syllable and ends in a consonant, then it is doubled (stop - stopped).
. The final consonant l is always doubled (travel -travelled)
. If the verb ends in -e, then you only need to add -d(translate - translated)
For those who are especially picky and attentive, you can also add pronunciation features. For example, after voiceless consonants the ending is pronounced “t”, after voiced consonants - “d”, after vowels “id”.
Perhaps you have heard/invented/read/seen a method that allows you to reduce effort to a minimum and maximize the efficiency of memorizing irregular verbs, but for some reason we don’t know it yet. Share not only your smile, but also your cramming options to please each other with something interesting
English is a language of exceptions, where when learning something new grammar rule students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not apply. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But you can’t do without them, because these are the realities of English! However, there is good news - modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we'll look at it in the article.
Why are English verbs irregular?
Not only foreigners, but also native speakers themselves experience difficulty in using irregular verbs. But nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standardity of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, Americans are trying hard to get rid of the irregular shape, converting it into the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both versions of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.
How many forms does a verb have in English?
Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:
- infinitive, aka ;
- I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and in the 2nd and 3rd cases conditional mood(Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
- Past Participle II, or Participle II, for the simple perfect tense of the past tense (Past Perfect), passive voice (Passive Voice) and conditional of the 3-d case.
The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.
What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules
Regular verbs are those in which the past form (Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.
There are some features when forming Participle I and Participle II:
- if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
- The consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
- if the verb ends in -y with a preceding consonant, then y changes to i before adding -ed.
Verbs that do not obey the general rule in the formation of tense forms are called irregular. In English, these include the Past Simple and Participle II verb forms.
Irregular verbs are formed using:
ablauta, in which the root changes. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);
the use of suffixes different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);
identical or unchangeable form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).
Due to the fact that each irregular verb has its own inflection, they should be learned by heart.
There are a total of 218 irregular verbs in the English language, of which approximately 195 are in active use.
Recent research in the field of language shows that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with forms of the regular verb, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table “Three verb forms in English” - the table presents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.
Table of irregular verbs
The table "Three Forms of Irregular Verbs in English" includes the most frequently used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and translation.
Irregular verbs came to modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.
Irregular verbs evolved from so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.
Researchers from Harvard found that the majority of verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so because they are used more often than others.
There is also a phenomenon in the history of the English language when a regular verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.
Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they find themselves in awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.
One of them is Jennifer Garner, who all her life was sure that sneak was the correct verb.
She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. With a dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.
Therefore, you should not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.
Regular verbs
The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most frequently used verbs.
Past Participle I and II |
|||
ask | |||
answer | |||
allow | |||
agree | |||
borrow, borrow | |||
copy, rewrite | |||
prepare | |||
close | |||
carry, drag | |||
call, call | |||
discuss | |||
decide, decide | |||
explain | explain | ||
slide | |||
cry, scream | |||
finish, finish, end | |||
shine | |||
rub | |||
grab | |||
help | |||
happen, happen | |||
manage | |||
look | |||
like | |||
move, move | |||
manage | |||
to be necessary, to need | |||
open | |||
recall | |||
suggest | sadgesture | ||
study, study | |||
stop, cease | |||
start off | |||
travel | |||
speak | |||
transfer | translate | ||
try, try | |||
use | |||
worry | |||
walk, walk | |||
look | |||
work |
Examples of using 3 forms of verbs with translation
Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of use and translation will help reinforce the topic.
Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular and one with irregular verbs.
Grammar design | Example in English | Translation |
Past Simple |
|
|
Present Perfect Tense |
|
|
Past Perfect Tense |
|
|
Passive Voice |
|
|
Conditional |
|
|
Exercises
To better memorize irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat them, but also to perform various exercises.
Exercise 1. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.
Exercise 2. Here is the table "Three verb forms in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.
Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.
- I was reading a book.
- We saw them yesterday.
- The Smiths lived in London until 2000. They then moved to Manchester.
- Alice was a university student in 2014.
- They worked in the same company two years ago.
- He just finished training.
- When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
- I drove a toy car as a child.
Answers to the exercises
Exercise 1.
Exercise 2.
asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, traveled, used, worked.
Exercise 3.
- I read a book.
- We saw them yesterday.
- The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
- Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
- They worked in the same company two years ago.
- He has just finished training.
- When we were children we took for a walk to this park.
- I drove a toy car in my childhood.
Make it a habit to periodically repeat the basic forms of the English verb. A table with irregular verbs, doing exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.
Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do?, what to do? (to be, to study, to dream, to go...)
According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all verbs of the English language are divided into 2 groups: regular verbs (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).
The English verb has three forms. Verb forms are designated by Roman numerals I, II, III.
I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) – make – the first, or main form, which answers the question what to do?, what to do? Using the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it – he, she, it) –s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With other pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they) the I form of the verb is used without changes.
II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the base I form –ed(jump – jumped – jump – jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be – was/were, do – did, make – made).
III form- Participle II (Participle II) is a special form of the verb that denotes the attribute of an object by action and answers the questions of the adjective (lost, baked, made). For regular verbs, form III coincides with form II: jump (I) – jumped (II) – jumped (III) (jump – jumped – jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.
Regular verbs
Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form -ed (-d), which is pronounced like:
- [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) – cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
- [ t] after the deaf ones: to work (work) – worked (worked), to look (look) – looked (looked);
- after [d] And [t]: to want (want) – wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) – mended (repaired).
When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:
- If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) – sto pped(stopped).
- -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (study) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, preceded by a vowel, then simply adds to the base of the verb - ed: to play (play) – played (played), to stay (stay) – stayed (remained).
- If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) – arrived (arrived).
Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles; their forms do not have a clear formation algorithm and are acquired by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (made) - made (made). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical conjugation systems (changing the verb according to persons - I'm going, you're going, he's going...).
Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tenses (Past Perfect), in passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect speech (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( Conditional sentences).
Table of irregular verbs
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle | Translation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
arise | [ə"raiz] | arose | [ə"rəuz] | arises | [ə"riz(ə)n] | arise, appear |
awake | [ə"weik] | awoke | [ə"wəuk] | awoken | [ə"wəukən] | wake up, wake up |
be | was,were | , | been | be | ||
bear | bore | born | give birth, bring | |||
beat | beat | beaten | ["bi:tn] | beat | ||
become | became | become | become | |||
begin | began | begun | start off) | |||
bend | bent | bent | bend, bend | |||
bind | bound | bound | bind | |||
bite | bit | bitten | ["bɪtn] | bite) | ||
bleed | bled | bled | bleed | |||
blow | blew | blown | blow | |||
break | broke | broken | ["broukən] | break) | ||
breed | bred | bred | bring up | |||
bring | brought | brought | bring | |||
build | built | built | build | |||
burn | burnt | burnt | burn, burn | |||
burst | burst | burst | burst out, explode | |||
buy | bought | bought | buy | |||
cast | cast | cast | throw, pour (metal) | |||
catch | caught | caught | catch, grab | |||
choose | chose | chosen | ["tʃouzən] | choose, select | ||
come | came | come | come | |||
cost | cost | cost | cost | |||
cut | cut | cut | cut | |||
dig | dug | dug | dig, dig | |||
do | did | done | do | |||
draw | drew | drawn | draw, drag | |||
dream | dream | dream | dream, dream | |||
drink | drank | drunk | drink | |||
drive | drove | driven | ["drɪvən] | drive | ||
eat | ate | eaten | ["i:tn] | There is | ||
fall | fell | fallen | ["fɔ:lən] | fall | ||
feed | fed | fed | feed | |||
feel | felt | felt | feel | |||
fight | fought | fought | fight | |||
find | found | found | find | |||
fit | fit | fit | fit to size | |||
fly | flew | flown | fly | |||
forget | forgot | forgotten | forget | |||
forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive | |||
freeze | froze | frozen | ["frouzən] | freeze | ||
get | got | got | receive | |||
give | gave | given | ["gɪvən] | give | ||
go | went | gone | go, walk | |||
grow | grew | grown | grow | |||
hang | hung | hung | hang, hang out | |||
have | had | had | have | |||
hear | heard | heard | hear | |||
hide | hid | hidden | ["hɪdn] | hide | ||
hit | hit | hit | hit the target | |||
hold | held | held | hold | |||
hurt | hurt | hurt | injure, bruise | |||
keep | kept | kept | keep, save | |||
kneel | knelt | knelt | kneel | |||
knit | knit | knit | knit (knitting) | |||
know | knew | known | know | |||
lay | laid | laid | put, put | |||
lead | led | led | lead, lead | |||
lean | leant | leant | tilt | |||
learn | learn | learn | learn | |||
leave | left | left | leave, leave | |||
lend | tape | tape | borrow, borrow | |||
let | let | let | let | |||
lie | lay | lain | lie | |||
light | lit | lit | illuminate, light up | |||
lose | lost | lost | lose | |||
make | made | made | do | |||
mean | meant | meant | mean | |||
meet | met | met | meet | |||
mistake | mistook | mistaken | make a mistake | |||
pay | paid | paid | pay | |||
put | put | put | put, put | |||
read | read | read | read | |||
ride | rode | ridden | ["rɪdn] | ride | ||
ring | rank | rung | call, ring | |||
rise | rose | risen | ["rɪzən] | get up | ||
run | ran | run | run | |||
say | said | said | speak | |||
see | saw | seen | see | |||
seek | sought | sought | search | |||
sell | sold | sold | sell | |||
send | sent | sent | send | |||
set | set | set | put, put | |||
shake | [ʃeɪk] | shook | [ʃʊk] | shaken | ["ʃeɪkən] | shake |
shine | [ʃaɪn] | shone | [ʃoun, ʃɒn] | shone | [ʃoun, ʃɒn] | shine, shine, glisten |
shoot | [ʃu:t] | shot | [ʃɒt] | shot | [ʃɒt] | fire |
show | [ʃou] | showed | [ʃoud] | shown | [ʃoun] | show |
shrink | [ʃriŋk] | shrank | [ʃræŋk] | shrunk | [ʃrʌŋk] | sit down (about material), reduce (s), reduce (s) |
shut | [ʃʌt] | shut | [ʃʌt] | shut | [ʃʌt] | close |
sing | sang | sung | sing | |||
sink | sank | sunk | drown | |||
sit | sat | sat | sit | |||
sleep | slept | slept | sleep | |||
smell | smelt | smelt | sniff, smell | |||
slide | slide | slide | slide | |||
sow | sowed | south | sow, sow | |||
smell | smelled | smelled | sniff, smell | |||
speak | spoke | spoken | ["spoukən] | speak | ||
spell | spelled | spelled | spell | |||
spend | spent | spent | spend | |||
spill | spilt | spilt | spill | |||
spit | spat | spat | spit | |||
split | split | split | split | |||
spoiler | spoilt | spoilt | spoil | |||
spread | spread | spread | distribute | |||
stand | stood | stood | stand | |||
steal | stole | stolen | ["stoulən] | steal | ||
stick | stuck | stuck | stick, stick, persist | |||
sting | stung | stung | sting | |||
strike | struck | struck | strike, strike | |||
strive | strove | striven | ["strɪvn] | try, strive | ||
swear | swore | sworn | take an oath | |||
sweep | swept | swept | revenge, sweep | |||
swim | swam | swum | swim | |||
take | took | taken | ["teɪkən] | take, take | ||
teach | taught | taught | learn | |||
tear | tore | torn | tear | |||
tell | told | told | tell | |||
think | [θɪŋk] | thought | [θɔ:t] | thought | [θɔ:t] | think |
throw | [θrou] | threw | [θru:] | thrown | [θroun] | throw |
understand | [ʌndər "stænd] | understood | [ʌndər "stʊd] | understood | [ʌndər "stʊd] | understand |
upset | [ʌp"set] | upset | [ʌp"set] | upset | [ʌp"set] | upset, upset (plans), upset |
wake | woke up | woken | ["woukən] | wake up | ||
wear | wore | worn | wear | |||
weep | wept | wept | cry | |||
wet | wet | wet | wet, moisturize | |||
win | won | won | win, win | |||
wind | wound | wound | wriggle, wind, wind (watch) | |||
write | wrote | written | ["rɪtn] | write |
How to remember forms of irregular verbs?
Irregular verbs in English, these are verbs that have special forms (Past Simple) and (Past Participle). Among them there are both very common ones (feel - to feel, speak - to speak) and rare ones (cleave - to cut, forswear - to renounce). The tables below show common irregular verbs.
Read also:
Despite the fact that irregular verbs change in a special way, they still have some regularity. In the table below, the verbs are given with translation and transcription and are distributed based on the coincidence of forms:
- Verbs AAA - all three forms are the same (cut - cut - cut, cut).
- ABA verbs – the 1st and 3rd forms coincide (run – ran – run, run).
- Verbs ABC – the 2nd and 3rd forms coincide (teach – taught – taught, teach).
- ABC verbs – all forms are different (know – knew – known, know).
Inside the table, words are distributed not alphabetically, but by frequency, i.e. the higher the word, the more often it is used. Attached to the tables pdf files– you can print them out, stick them on cardboard and cut out cards for learning words.
AAA verbs: the same in three forms Download PDF | |||
---|---|---|---|
Translation | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
put | put |
put |
put |
let | let |
let |
let |
cut | cut |
cut |
cut |
put (install) | set |
set |
set |
place a bet | bet |
bet |
bet |
throw (cast metal) | cast |
cast |
cast |
cost | cost |
cost |
cost |
beat | hit |
hit |
hit |
hurt | hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
knit | knit |
knit |
knit |
stop | quit |
quit |
quit |
distribute | spread |
spread |
spread |
ABA type verbs: forms 1 and 3 match | |||
run | run |
ran |
run |
come | come |
came |
come |
become | become |
became |
become |
Verbs like ABB: forms 2 and 3 match | |||
read | read |
read |
read |
teach (gain knowledge) | learn |
learn (learned) |
learn (learned) |
think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
teach (educate) | teach |
taught |
taught |
smell (smell) | smell |
smelt |
smelt |
hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
hold | hold |
held |
held |
bring | bring |
brought |
brought |
stand | stand |
stood |
stood |
lose (lose) | lose |
lost |
lost |
meet | meet |
met |
met |
lead | lead |
led |
led |
understand | understand [ʌndə’stænd] |
understood [ʌndə’stud] |
understood [ʌndə’stud] |
win | win |
won |
won |
buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
send | send |
sent |
sent |
sell | sell |
sold |
sold |
catch | catch |
caught |
caught kɔ:t] |
fight | fight |
fought |
fought |
put (lay) | lay |
laid |
laid |
sit | sit |
sat |
sat |
bind | bind |
bound |
bound |
bleed | bleed |
bled |
bled |
build | build |
built |
built |
burn | burn |
burnt |
burnt |
deal with | deal |
dealt |
dealt |
dig | dig |
dug |
dug |
feed | feed |
fed |
fed |
hang | hang |
hung |
hung |
hide | hide |
hid |
hidden [‘hɪdn] |
lean | lean |
lean (leaned) |
lean (leaned) |
lend (to someone) | lend |
tape |
tape |
illuminate | light |
lit |
lit |
ride | ride |
rode |
ridden [‘rɪdn] |
sew | sew |
sewed |
sewed (sewn) |
spell or spell | spell |
spelled |
spelled |
spill | spill |
spilt |
spilt |
spit | spit |
spat (spit) |
spat (spit) |
spoil | spoiler |
spoilt |
spoilt |
stick | stick |
stuck |
stuck |
hit | strike |
struck |
struck |
sweep | sweep |
swept |
swept |
cry | weep |
wept |
wept |
twist | wind |
wound |
wound |
Verbs likeABC: all forms are different |
|||
go | go |
went |
gone |
know | know |
knew |
known |
take | take |
took |
taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
see | see |
saw |
seen |
give | give |
gave |
given |
write | write |
wrote |
written ['ritn] |
speak | speak |
spoke |
spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
drive a car | drive |
drove |
driven [‘drivn] |
break | break |
broke |
broken [‘brouk(e)n] |
wear (clothes) | wear |
wore |
worn |
There is | eat |
ate |
eaten [‘i:tn] |
drink | drink |
drank |
drunk |
draw (draw) | draw |
drew |
drawn |
steal | steal |
stole |
stolen [‘stəulən] |
throw | throw [θrəu] |
threw [θru:] |
thrown [θrəun] |
blow | blow |
blew |
blown |
fall | fall |
fell |
fallen [‘fɔ:lən] |
start off | begin |
began |
begun |
forget | forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
forgive | forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
fly | fly |
flew |
flown |
freeze (freeze) | freeze |
froze |
frozen [‘frouzn] |
grow | grow |
grew |
grown |
call | ring |
rank |
rung |
shake | shake [ʃeik] |
shook [ʃuk] |
shaken [‘ʃeik(ə)n] |
sing | sing |
sang |
sung |
stink | stink |
stank (stunk) |
stunk |
try | strive |
strove |
striven [‘strɪvn] |
swear | swear |
swore |
sworn |
tear | tear |
tore |
torn |
wake | wake |
woke up |
woken [‘wouk(e)n] |
Pay attention to the words read And wind. In the 2nd and 3rd forms read is read as . And the verb wind - to twist, should not be confused with the noun wind - wind.
Ten most basic irregular verbs
Among the commonly used irregular verbs we can distinguish the most basic. You need to know them first. Start learning verbs from them, and not in alphabetical order. You can learn them in literally 5 – 10 minutes.
Translation | Infinitive (1st form) | Past Simple (2nd form) | Past Participle (3rd form) |
---|---|---|---|
go | go |
went |
gone |
know | know |
knew |
known |
think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
take | take |
took |
taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
see | see |
saw |
seen |
give | give |
gave |
given |
write | write |
wrote |
written ['ritn] |
speak | speak |
spoke |
spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
These verbs need to be learned first
Notes:
- Over time, some verbs have almost turned from irregular to regular. For example, even in not very old textbooks it is written that the verb to work– irregular, it has the forms: work – wrought – wrought. Now the form wrought is hardly used except in established expressions like “wrought iron,” so I have not included it in this table.
- Verbs to learn(learn), to lean(lean) are also more often used as correct: learned, leaned, especially in the USA.
- Pay attention to the forms read – read – read. The word is written the same, but read differently.
- Don't confuse the verb wind(twist) and noun wind- wind. They are written the same, but have different pronunciation and meanings.
- In the British version the verbs sew pronounced like
In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun comes in the same form - with the ending - ed - or completely changes its shape. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs whose endings are - ed . In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.
You cannot add to them - E.D. , because in the past tense these verbs change completely.
This is exactly what we are seeing with do. It's not in the past tense done (as it should be according to the rule), and did , because do is an irregular verb.
So how do you determine whether a verb is regular or not?
A little “female” logic will help us here: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. Those not on this list are correct. But the catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). However, the list of necessary everyday life verbs are not so extensive - almost 2 times less. You need to know them first of all.
How to remember irregular verbs?
Repeat out loud 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered - like a rhyme! Or print out a book to quickly memorize irregular verbs ().
Table of irregular verbs with translations
Table. Irregular verbs with translation
Present tense | Past tense | Communion | Translation |
1. awake | awoke | awoken | wake up |
2.be | was, were | been | be |
3. beat | beat | beaten | beat |
4. become | became | become | become |
5.begin | began | begun | start off |
6. bend | bent | bent | bend over, bend over |
7. bite | bit | bitten | bite |
8.blow | blew | blown | blow |
9. break | broke | broken | break |
10. bring | brought | brought | bring |
11.broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
12. build | built | built | build |
13. burn | burned/burnt | burned/burnt | burn, burn |
14.buy | bought | bought | buy |
15.catch | caught | caught | catch |
16. choose | chose | chosen | choose |
17. come | came | come | come |
18. cost | cost | cost | cost |
19.cut | cut | cut | cut |
20.dig | dug | dug | dig |
21. do | did | done | do |
22.draw | drew | drawn | 1. draw 2. pull |
23. dreams | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt | dream |
24. drive | drove | driven | manage |
25.drink | drank | drunk | drink |
26. eat | ate | eaten | There is |
27. fall | fell | fallen | fall |
28.feel | felt | felt | feel |
29. fight | fought | fought | fight |
30.find | found | found | find |
31.fly | flew | flown | fly |
32. forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
33.forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive |
34. freeze | froze | frozen | freeze |
35.get | got | gotten | receive |
36.give | gave | given | give |
37. go | went | gone | go |
38.grow | grew | grown | grow |
39.hang | hung | hung | hang |
40. have | had | had | possess, have |
41. hear | heard | heard | hear |
42.hide | hid | hidden | hide |
43. hit | hit | hit | hit |
44. hold | held | held | hold |
45. hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt |
46. keep | kept | kept | keep |
47. know | knew | known | know |
48. lay | laid | laid | put |
49.lead | led | led | lead |
50. learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt | learn |
51. leave | left | left | leave |
52.lend | tape | tape | lend |
53.let | let | let | let |
54.lie | lay | lain | lie |
55. lose | lost | lost | lose |
56. make | made | made | do |
57. mean | meant | meant | mean |
58. meet | met | met | meet |
59.pay | paid | paid | pay |
60.put | put | put | put |
61. read | read | read | read |
62. ride | rode | ridden | ride a horse |
63. ring | rank | rung | call |
64.rise | rose | risen | get up |
65. run | ran | run | run |
66. say | said | said | say |
67. see | saw | seen | see |
68. sell | sold | sold | sell |
69. send | sent | sent | send |
70. show | showed | showed/shown | show |
71.shut | shut | shut | close |
72. sing | sang | sung | sing |
73. sit | sat | sat | sit |
74. sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
75.speak | spoke | spoken | talk |
76. spend | spent | spent | spend |
77.stand | stood | stood | stand |
78. swim | swam | swum | swim |
79. take | took | taken | take |
80. teach | taught | taught | teach |
81.tear | tore | torn | tear |
82. tell | told | told | tell |
83. think | thought | thought | think |
84.throw | threw | thrown | throw |
85. understand | understood | understood | understand |
86.wake | woke up | woken | wake up |
87. wear | wore | worn | wear |
88. win | won | won | win |
89. write | wrote | written | write |