In the Unified State Examination in the Russian language 2017, 25 tasks are assessed, of which 24 are tests, and 25 are essays based on the text. Today in test tasks it is necessary either to write down the words correctly (and not just find them), or to find two correct answers from those proposed (task 1 and 15), or to name the numbers indicating correct positioning commas. Task 7 remains difficult, where you need to correlate erroneous sentences with the rules according to which the errors were made.
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1 point for a correct answer, 0 points for an incorrect answer |
From 0 to 2 points |
From 0 to 4 points |
From 0 to 5 points |
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For correct completion of tasks 2–6, 8–14, 16–23 the examinee |
For completing tasks 1 and 15, you can score from 0 to 2 points. |
For completing task 24, you can score from 0 to 4 points. Faithful |
For completing task 7, you can score from 0 to 5 points. Faithful |
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Maximum points |
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Minimum points |
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Essay evaluation criteria
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Points |
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Formulation of source text problems |
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The examinee (in one form or another) correctly formulated one of the problems of the source text. There are no factual errors related to the understanding and formulation of the problem. |
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The examinee was unable to correctly formulate any of the problems in the source text. |
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Commentary on the formulated problem of the source text |
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The problem formulated by the examinee is commented on. There are no factual errors related to understanding the source text in the comments. |
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The problem formulated by the examinee is commented on, no more than 1 factual error was made in the comments related to understanding the source text. |
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The problem formulated by the examinee was not commented on, more than 1 factual error was made in the comments related to understanding the source text, another problem not formulated by the examinee was commented on, a simple retelling of the text or its fragment is given as a commentary, A large fragment of the source text is quoted as comments. |
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The examinee correctly formulated the position of the author (narrator) of the source text on the commented problem. There are no factual errors related to understanding the position of the author of the source text. |
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Argumentation by examinees own opinion on the issue |
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The examinee expressed his opinion on the problem formulated by him, posed by the author of the text (agreeing or disagreeing with the position of the author), argued it (gave at least 2 arguments, one of which was taken from fiction, journalistic or scientific literature). |
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The examinee expressed his opinion on the problem formulated by him, posed by the author of the text (agreeing or disagreeing with the position of the author), argued it (gave at least 2 arguments, based on knowledge or life experience), conducted only 1 argument from fiction, journalistic or scientific literature. |
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The examinee expressed his opinion on the problem formulated by him, posed by the author of the text (agreeing or disagreeing with the position of the author), argued it (gave 1 argument), relying on knowledge, life or reading experience. |
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The examinee expressed his opinion on the problem posed by the author of the text (agreeing or disagreeing with the author’s position), but did not provide arguments, the examinee’s opinion is only formally stated (for example: “I agree / disagree with the author”), not reflected in the work at all. |
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SPEECH DESIGN OF AN ESSAY |
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Semantic integrity, speech coherence and consistency of presentation |
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The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of presentation: There are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not broken; There are no violations of paragraph division of the text in the work. |
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The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, coherence and consistency of presentation, 1 logical error was made, There is 1 violation of paragraph division of the text in the work. |
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The examinee’s work reveals a communicative intent, more than 1 logical error was made, There are 2 cases of violation of paragraph division of the text. |
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Accuracy and expressiveness of speech |
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The work of the examinee is characterized by accuracy of expression of thought, variety grammatical structure speech. |
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The work of the examinee is characterized by the accuracy of expression of thoughts, the monotony of the grammatical structure of speech can be traced, the work of the examinee is characterized by a variety of grammatical structure of speech, there are violations of the accuracy of expression of thoughts. |
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The work of the examinee is characterized by a poor vocabulary and monotony of the grammatical structure of speech. |
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LITERACY |
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Compliance with spelling standards |
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no spelling errors (or 1 minor error) |
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1-2 mistakes were made |
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more than 2-3 mistakes were made |
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| more than 3 mistakes were made | 0 | |
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Compliance with punctuation standards |
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no punctuation errors (or 1 minor error) |
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1-2 mistakes were made |
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2-3 mistakes were made |
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| more than 3 errors | 0 | |
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Compliance with language norms |
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no grammatical errors |
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1-2 mistakes were made |
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more than 2 mistakes were made |
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Compliance with speech norms |
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no more than 1 speech error was made |
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2-3 mistakes were made |
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more than 3 mistakes were made |
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Compliance with ethical standards |
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there are no ethical errors in the work |
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ethical mistakes were made (1 or more) |
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Maintain factual accuracy in background material |
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there are no factual errors in the background material |
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there were factual errors (1 or more) in the background material |
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Maximum points for an essay |
When assessing literacy (K7–K10), the length of the essay should be taken into account. The assessment standards indicated in the table are designed for essays of 150–300 words. If the essay contains less than 70 words, then such work is not counted and is scored 0 points, the task is considered uncompleted.
When counting words, both independent and functional parts of speech are taken into account. Any sequence of words written without a space is counted (for example, “still” is one word, “still” is two words). Initials with a surname are considered one word (for example, “M.Yu. Lermontov” is one word). Any other symbols, in particular numbers, are not taken into account when calculating (for example, “5 years” is one word, “five years” is two words).
If the essay contains partially or completely rewritten by the examinee the text of the review of task 24 and/or information about the author of the text, then the volume of such work is determined without taking into account the text of the review and/or information about the author of the text.
When assessing an essay ranging from 70 to 150 words, the number of permissible errors of four types (K7–K10) decreases.
2 points according to these criteria are given in the following cases:
K7 – there are no spelling errors (or one minor mistake was made);
K8 – there are no punctuation errors (or one minor error was made).
1 point according to these criteria is given in the following cases:
K7 – no more than two mistakes were made;
K8 – one to three mistakes were made;
K9 – no grammatical errors;
K10 – no more than one speech error was made.
The highest score according to criteria K7–K12 is not given for work ranging from 70 to 150 words.
If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work in all aspects of the test (K1-K12) is scored 0 points. If the work, which is a rewritten or retold source text, contains fragments of the examinee’s text, then only the number of words that belong to the examinee is taken into account when checking. Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded.
In accordance with the Procedure for conducting state final certification for educational programs secondary general education (order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated December 26, 2013 No. 1400, registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on February 3, 2014 No. 31205) “61. Based on the results of the first and second checks, experts independently assign points for each answer to the tasks exam paper Unified State Examination with a detailed answer... 62. In case of a significant discrepancy in the scores given by two experts, a third check is assigned. A significant discrepancy in scores is defined in the assessment criteria for the relevant academic subject. The expert carrying out the third check is provided with information about the scores assigned by the experts who previously checked the examination work.”
A significant discrepancy is considered to be a discrepancy of 8 or more. primary points between the sums of points awarded by the first and second experts for completing task 25 (for all 12 assessment positions). In this case, the third expert must give points only for those assessment positions for which the points given by the first and second experts differ.
How are the Unified State Exam results assessed?
The results of the Unified State Exam are assessed on a 100-point scale and are included in a special “Certificate of the results of the Unified State Exam.”
When assessing the results of the Unified State Exam, a minimum number of test points is established for each educational subject, confirming that the graduate has mastered the basic general education programs secondary (complete) education in accordance with the requirements of the federal educational standard secondary (complete) general education. If a student scores less than the established minimum number of points (has not overcome the minimum threshold), then the Unified State Examination is considered failed.
The minimum threshold value is announced within 6-8 days after conducting the Unified State Exam in the subject during the main deadlines and 2-3 days after the Unified State Exam during additional deadlines in July.
Unified State Examination scale
When you complete tasks on the Unified State Exam, 1 or more points are awarded for each correct solution, depending on the difficulty. In this case, correctly completed task of part A or B is scored 1 point, part C - up to 4 points. The sum of these scores is called the “primary score” (PS). In fact, this is the number of correctly completed tasks.
- Number of minimum PBs by different subjects may vary, for example:
- mathematics: 36 PB,
- biology: 36 PB,
- foreign languages: 22 PB.
But these are not the scores that will be useful to you, for example, for admission to a university. They need to be converted on a 100-point scale. This is the so-called “test score” (TB).
TB assesses the student’s level of preparedness. It depends on the level of complexity of the tasks completed on the Unified State Exam. This score is used to determine the final grade. The maximum test score on the Unified State Exam in any subject: 100 points.
The primary score is converted into a test score using a special formula.
Table for converting Unified State Exam 2020 points into grades (using a five-point system)
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Item |
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Russian language |
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Profile mathematics |
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Basic mathematics |
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Biology |
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Geography |
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Social science |
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Literature |
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Computer Science and ICT |
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Spanish |
- Minimum Unified State Examination points to obtain a certificate in 2020:
- Russian language - 24 points;
- basic level mathematics - 3 points (assessment);
- physics - 36 points;
- chemistry - 36 points;
- biology - 36 points;
- history - 32 points;
- geography - 37 points;
- social studies - 42 points;
- literature - 32 points;
- Chinese– 17 points.
- Minimum Unified State Exam scores for admission to a university:
- Russian language - 36 points;
- mathematics profile level- 27 points;
- physics - 36 points;
- chemistry - 36 points;
- computer science and information and communication technologies (ICT) - 40 points;
- biology - 36 points;
- history - 32 points;
- geography - 37 points;
- social studies - 42 points;
- literature - 32 points;
- foreign languages (English, French, German, Spanish) - 22 points.
How the Unified State Exam affects obtaining a certificate
The basis for issuing a graduate with a certificate of secondary education is satisfactory results of the Unified State Examination, i.e. the number of points is not lower than the minimum threshold for compulsory subjects(Russian language and mathematics). In this case, the graduate receives 2 documents: a school certificate and a certificate of Unified State Exam results.
The final grades are included in the certificate according to the traditional 5-point system, which are defined as the arithmetic average of the graduate’s annual grades for grades 10-11 (12).
The results of the Unified State Exam do not affect the final grades included in the certificate.
If a graduate has not passed the minimum threshold in one of the subjects - Russian language or mathematics - on the Unified State Exam within the main deadlines and during the retake, then he will not be issued a certificate.
How and when can you find out your Unified State Exam results?
The results of the Unified State Exam must be known to participants no later than 3 working days after Rosobrnadzor announces the minimum thresholds for each subject. Thus, no more than 12 days pass from the date of the exam. Most regions inform their Unified State Exam participants at an earlier date.
Unified State Exam participants who are graduates of the current year are issued certificates of Unified State Exam results at the educational institution. The rest of the Unified State Exam participants will learn their results where they received their Unified State Exam pass: this is either the PPE in which they took the exam, or the education management body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local education authorities.
According to current regulations, each subject of the Russian Federation is independently responsible for informing Unified State Exam participants about the results. In some regions this information can be accessed online for free. You can find out your results by having an individual code (passport number, etc.).
- Moscow and Moscow region: www.rcoi.net
- St. Petersburg and Leningrad region: ege.spb.ru
Lists of Unified State Exam participants with their exam results are posted on information boards (at school, PPE, education management body, etc.).
Validity period of the certificate of Unified State Examination results
On November 20, 2013, letter No. DL-345/17 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation “On the effect of the Unified State Exam results” was published.
“The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia on the issue of the validity of the results of the unified state exam obtained before the entry into force on September 1, 2013 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in Russian Federation"(hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law), reports.
According to Part 2 of Article 70 of the Federal Law, the results of the unified state exam for admission to undergraduate and specialist programs valid for four years, following the year of obtaining such results.
Consequently, admission to organizations that carry out educational activities for undergraduate and specialist programs, admitted based on the results of the unified state exam, confirmed by Unified State Examination certificates issued in 2015 and 2016, and valid until the end of 2019 and 2020, respectively
The Unified State Exam certificate after September 1, 2020 is valid for four years following the year of passing the exam. That is, the 2018 certificate expires in December 2022 and can be used for admission to universities in the period from 2018 to 2022. Therefore, certificates issued in 2019 and 2020 are valid until 2023 and 2024, respectively.
What is the Unified State Exam in mathematics - points, tasks, percentage of completion...
From the beginning of the 10th grade (immediately after the end of the Unified State Examination), everyone is frightened by the upcoming final exams and gradually begins to be given scattered assignments. By the 11th grade, the picture of tasks develops into a single option, but what knowledge will we need for which task? How to prepare? Let's talk about this.
Let's start with statistics on task completion in 2017:
Only a few percent of students completed the 13th and subsequent tasks: 12.9% of those who took the test received 1 primary score, and 36.3% received 2 points. Similarly with other tasks from the second part.
The entire Unified State Exam in mathematics is divided into 3 topics:
There is a primary score and a final score, the conversion schedule is presented below.
The primary score is the preliminary USE score, which is obtained by simply summing the number of correct answers. In the first part, for each of the 12 tasks you can get 1 primary point. In part two, tasks are more expensive:
In total, for all Unified State Examinations in mathematics you can get 12+2+2+2+3+3+4+4 = 32 primary points.
Final (test) score- this is the conversion of the primary score to the hundred-point system. Moreover, the points are distributed unevenly.
The exam in specialized mathematics is the only Unified State Exam where you can get 100 final points, while losing 2 primary points.
As can be seen from the graph from 0 to 13 primary points, one primary point costs approximately 5 final points. Further points are more difficult to obtain: each primary point brings only 2 final points.
There's no difference, if you correctly solved the first 12 tasks or 8 in the first part, the 13th and 15th, you will still have 12 initial points and 62 final points.
Average score for specialized mathematics in 2017 it was 47 points.
For the entire first part, correctly completed, you can get 62 points, but, based on statistics, few people succeed in this. Many teachers, especially from physics and mathematics lyceums, say that the first 12 tasks need to be solved in 45-50 minutes. This is true if you want to score 100 and are good at solving all the problems. But if you are counting on solving tasks 13, 15, 17, then you should spend twice as much time on the first part in order to avoid stupid mistakes and check it as thoroughly as possible, every point counts. For One wrong task in the first part will cause you to lose from two to six final points.
p.s. In 2016, I took the Unified State Exam and, due to inattention, did the 12th task incorrectly, the total was 94 points, instead of 96.
- Clearly define the minimum number of points you need ("the more the better" will not work).
- Make a list of tasks that are easiest for you to solve in order to score the required minimum.
- Bring this minimum so that 90% are consistently solved correctly (for many this is No. 1-13, No. 15 and No. 17).
- Start solving the problem "in reserve". For example, No. 14 or the first points of No. 19. Nobody knows which task will be unusual (difficult) this year. In the early exam in 2017, this was problem 17. On the main one it was 14. Perhaps the task you were preparing would turn out to be overwhelming.
- Solve difficult tasks. Statistics show that those who solved more complex options coped better with the Unified State Exam (at the same level). For example, options Larina or Chupro. This is explained, of course, by the fact that you will solve tasks that are easier with a higher percentage correctly. Also, every year on the Unified State Exam they give tasks that are not similar to previous years and have only distant analogues. By solving more complex tasks, you will learn to think, which will significantly help you not to get stunned at the sight of an “unknown” task. Books "30 Options" are usually easier than real tasks on the Unified State Exam. The site "Solve the Unified State Exam" is most similar to the real Unified State Exam.
- Try to arrange an exam for yourself by solving the 4-hour version of the Unified State Exam.
- And of course, right.
How many points are given for each Unified State Examination task in chemistry? Evaluation criteria for the Unified State Examination in Chemistry 2020: points and grades, conversion table, as well as the structure of the exam, testing methodology and main changes in the new year. In 2020, tasks for the Unified State Exam in chemistry began to contain a larger number of mathematical elements, calculations physical quantities, the testing of the basic theoretical course of chemistry also became deeper. At the same time, the number of tasks has decreased, now instead of 40 questions, the student will have to solve 35 (according to other sources, 34). Accordingly, the rating scale has changed; for the Unified State Examination in Chemistry 2020, the primary score has become lower – by 4 units.
All tasks are scored differently, and you can earn up to 5 points for difficult tasks. Therefore, to enter specialized universities, it is necessary to study the subject as deeply as possible.
Table of criteria for assessing USE 2020 tasks in chemistry, taking into account the new requirements:
Job number | Maximum score |
| 35 | 3 |
Assessment of tasks is carried out according to an established methodology, while for complex tasks where logic is required, points are assigned using special analytical tables. If the answer best meets the requirements of the analysis, you can get up to 5 points for it. If the student has only partially developed the topic, the number of points is reduced. For an uncompleted task, 0 points are awarded.
Complex assignments are checked by two experts. If there is a strong discrepancy in scores, then a third specialist is involved. This ensures the most effective and objective assessment of graduates’ knowledge.
Conversion table for the Unified State Exam 2020 in chemistry from points to grades:
Number of points | Grade |
The structure of the Unified State Examination tasks in chemistry in 2020 includes 29 questions with a short answer, as well as 5 with an extended answer.
The duration of the exam is 210 minutes; according to the standard, simple questions should take about 3 minutes, complex ones - up to 15. Regarding minimum score for admission to specialized universities, then each higher educational institution sets its own requirements. For example, for admission to the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University, or the prestigious Moscow medical university You must score at least 50 points.
But usually the overall passing score for prestigious universities is 400-470 (at least less for the chemical department, more for the medical department), and admission to Moscow State University does not depend on chemistry alone, so if you don’t have enough points, you can get in mathematics, biology, Russian and internal entrance exams.
Significant changes in the Unified State Exam are also observed in other subjects.
For successful completion Chemistry is recommended to spend most of your time solving problems and equations. During the test, you can use a calculator, periodic table and salt solubility. The electrochemical voltage series of metals is also allowed.
The evaluation criteria for the Unified State Exam in Chemistry 2020 are described quite clearly in the regulations, but each graduate has the right to appeal.
Table of conversion of points to OGE-2020 grades in chemistry
Graduates of 9th grade have their own assessment criteria. According to all KIM and GIA, the maximum you can score is 34 points. But if a graduate wants to go to medical college, profile class or for some other specialized secondary education related to chemistry, pharmacy and medicine, he needs to score 23 points and above.
Chemistry score conversion table for OGE-2020
Despite its apparent simplicity, scoring 9 points for the minimum passing grade is not so easy. You need to be able to solve problems, navigate formulas, and have at least a minimal knowledge of theory. Those who pass with a bad grade will remain for the second year if they fail the retake.
Scoring table for assignments:
Job number | |
2 (1 – if partially resolved) |
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2 (1 – if partially resolved) |
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2 (1 – if 2/3 correct) |
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2 (1 – if 2/3 correct) |
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Many schoolchildren, to be on the safe side, start solving difficult tasks right away. If you solve them all without errors, you can score 19 points at once, that is, a “four”. However, this implies a complete solution to the task, otherwise it will be scored 1 point, or even not at all.
The assessment criteria for chemistry tests change every year, the rules become stricter, since there is an idea among the government that education is not of sufficient quality. This, of course, has no basis, because schoolchildren study worse not because of the program, but mostly because of overload.
What will go into the certificate? What to do if the Unified State Examination in chemistry is written as a bad mark?
If the Unified State Exam in chemistry is not passed, but the grades in mathematics and Russian are normal, the student will simply be given a certificate. And they will also give you a Unified State Exam certificate, where chemistry simply won’t be included. However, the exam can be retaken after a year. There is only one minus here - the overall score may not be enough for admission, and if the university requires chemistry without fail, then they will not accept documents at all. Accordingly, the student loses time, and young men may even be drafted into the army, after which it will be even more difficult to retake the test.
If the grade for the year is 4 or 5, and the Unified State Exam in Chemistry is passed with a 3 or 4 (that is, a decrease in the score), what will go into the certificate? The one year mark will be reached. If the Unified State Exam is passed with a 5, and in a year 3, then it also does not affect the certificate. But every specific school where they are required to calculate the arithmetic average. Why is this happening? Because no one checks this calculation later. Based on this, it is better to resolve the issue in advance with the chemistry teacher and class teacher, usually in normal schools teachers try to meet the graduates halfway. If a child has a 4, but he pushed himself and passed the Unified State Exam with a 5, why not help him?
But! We must remember that no one needs grades on the admission certificate, especially in chemistry. Today in 99% of cases they look only at the Unified State Examination certificate. Tags:
Average general education
Line UMK G. Ya. Myakisheva, M.A. Petrova. Physics (10-11) (B)
Unified State Exam 2020 in Physics: scale for transferring points and evaluation criteria
Physics for the Unified State Exam 2020 is an elective exam, it is assumed that the graduate is going to continue his studies in a technical direction and the minimum basics of the discipline are familiar to him. Having solid basic knowledge in your reserve, you can successfully score above average, and by starting your preparation on time, you can get a high score.We have a new format! You can now listen to the article
Almost 4 hours (235 minutes) are given to complete all tasks.
Points conversion table
Physics exam scores are converted into the corresponding marks:
The physics points for the Unified State Exam 2020 are distributed as follows:
Physics in formulas. 7–11 grades. Reference Guide
The reference manual contains more than 60 summary tables for all sections school course physics. This manual is intended for the formation of holistic ideas about the physical and natural-scientific picture of the world. The manual is addressed to students in grades 7–11, applicants and teachers.
Unified State Examination 2019 score conversion scale, physics
The minimum Unified State Examination test score in physics is 36 points, the minimum primary Unified State Examination score is 11 points.
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Primary score |
Secondary (test) score |
The examination paper consists of tasks different levels difficulties:
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elevated,
1) The basic level of difficulty includes tasks in the 1st part of the work (19 tasks with a short answer: 13 of them need to be answered in the form of one or two numbers or a word, 6 tasks have an answer in the form of a sequence of numbers). Basic level Difficulties have fairly simple tasks that test the assimilation of the most important physical concepts, models, phenomena and laws, as well as knowledge about the properties of space objects.
2) The increased level of complexity includes tasks from the 1st and 2nd parts of the work:
5 tasks have a short answer (part 1),
3 tasks - also a short answer, but in part 2,
1 task with a detailed answer (part 2).
Tasks aimed at testing the ability to use concepts and laws of physics to analyze various processes and phenomena, as well as the ability to solve problems on the application of one or two laws (formulas) on any of the topics of the school physics course, have an increased level of complexity.
3) The high level of complexity includes 4 tasks from part 2, testing the ability to use the laws and theories of physics in a changed or new situation. Students with a high level of preparation can cope with these tasks. The presence of tasks of this level in the examination paper makes it possible to differentiate graduates when selecting for universities with different requirements for the level of training.
Long answer assessment criteria
The solution to tasks 28–32 of the second part of the examination paper (detailed answer) is checked and assessed by experts. Based on the FIPI criteria, for completing each task, depending on the prevalence and correctness of the answer given by the examinee, from 0 to 3 points are awarded.
The maximum primary score for a task with a detailed answer is 3. “For each task there are detailed instructions for experts, which indicate what each point is awarded for - from zero to maximum score. In the exam version, before each type of task, instructions are given that provide general requirements for the preparation of answers.”
To understand what the answer to tasks with a detailed answer should look like, you need to study the information on the assessment criteria on the official FIPI website. Having selected the section “USE and GVE-11”, you should refer to the item “Demo versions, specifications, codifiers”. Next, you need to select a subject and study all the rules and subtleties of conducting and grading the exam.
This manual includes tests for self-control, independent work, tests. Proposed didactic materials compiled in full accordance with the structure and methodology of V.A.’s textbooks. Kasyanov “Physics. Basic level. 11th grade" and "Physics. Advanced level. 11th grade."
For example, this is what the assessment of task 28 looks like:
3 points
a complete correct solution is given, including the correct answer (in this case: the occurrence of an induction current in coil B and its direction) and comprehensive correct reasoning with a direct indication of the observed phenomena and laws;
2 points
The correct answer and explanation is given, but the solution has one or more of the following flaws:
the explanation does not indicate or does not use one of physical phenomena, properties, definitions or one of the laws (formulas) necessary for a complete correct explanation. (The statement underlying the explanation is not supported by the corresponding law, property, phenomenon, definition, etc.);
all the phenomena and laws and patterns necessary to explain are indicated, but they contain one logical flaw;
the decision contains extra entries that are not included in the decision, which are not separated from the decision or crossed out;
the solution contains an inaccuracy in indicating one of the physical phenomena, properties, definitions, laws (formulas) necessary for a complete correct explanation;
1 point
A solution corresponding to one of the following cases is given:
the correct answer to the task question is given and an explanation is given, but it does not indicate two phenomena or physical laws necessary for a complete correct explanation;
all the phenomena and laws and patterns necessary to explain are indicated, but the existing reasoning aimed at obtaining an answer to the question of the assignment is not completed;
all the phenomena and laws and patterns necessary to explain are indicated, but the existing reasoning leading to the answer contains an error(s);
not all phenomena and laws and patterns necessary to explain are indicated, but there are correct reasoning aimed at solving the problem;
0 points
All cases of solution that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points.