Learn sign language. Gestuno - the language of people with hearing impairments

It all started again with the series. Although, to be completely precise, it comes from a beautiful interior. I was looking for series with interiors from Greg Grande, the same one who was the artist on .

This is how I came across the series “They were mixed up in the maternity hospital.”

It's about two girls who were mistakenly confused by doctors in the maternity hospital, and their families only found out about it when their daughters turned 16 years old. This is where the series begins, and then everything seems to be as usual: first love, conflicts with parents, arguments between the parents themselves, rivalry at school, breakups and reconciliations. Oh yes, all this in beautiful interiors.

The tricky part is that one of the main characters is deaf.

She became deaf when she was two years old and now wears hearing aids, goes to a school for the deaf and speaks sign language. And the plot is also strongly twisted around this.

I became seriously interested when I started watching interviews with actors and found out that some of the actors are actually deaf.

Actress Katie LeClair, who plays the main character, has Meniere's disease, the syndromes of which include hearing impairment and dizziness. The disease does not prevent her from working, but it helps to talk about this diagnosis in interviews and more people go to doctors to get checked.

While still at school, Katie learned sign language. Imagine, in the States you can easily choose sign language as a second language to study.

One of the episodes of the series was filmed entirely in sign language, not a single word is used in it. At the very beginning, the two main actresses appear and warn the audience that don’t worry, there’s nothing wrong with your TV, but some scenes will be filmed in complete silence.

This is so cool! Talk about people with special needs not through short commercials or speeches trying to squeeze out a tear.

I watched the series and realized that disabled people are not only the people we imagine in wheelchairs.

Oh, this is a stereotype that has firmly settled in our heads thanks to the sign on car windows and on the asphalt of parking lots.

And so I ran into a deaf company at an intersection. I remembered that at the age of eight I myself suffered a serious otitis media with the risk of losing part of my hearing. The organizers of the event, who invited me as a speaker, asked me to speak louder, since there was a participant with a hearing aid in the hall.

It felt like the Universe was desperately hinting to me: “Would you like to learn sign language?”

I entered “sign language teaching” into the search and very quickly found it in St. Petersburg sign language school "Image". The school is located on the territory pedagogical university named after Herzen, which means that at least twice a week I find myself in the very center of the city.

The university campus, which I need to completely cross - from the entrance with a strict security guard to building 20, our teacher Denis Aleksandrovich - “So, you’ll already learn these gestures at home yourself, now there’s no time to waste on this” (in fact, he’s very cool!) - all this brings me back to nostalgia for my student past.

Training twice a week for two months. This is an express course, the usual course lasts four months. The lesson lasts one and a half hours. What you need to learn something new and not get tired. And most importantly - no sports uniform in a bag, which I hate, no changing clothes and showering in open stalls. In general, one hundred thousand five hundred times better than sports.

There are many students in the group. One of my classmates born in 2000. Imagine! I thought they were still somewhere in kindergarten, and they are already in higher educational institutions. It's hard for me to believe this. But there are also adult students like me.

Most of my classmates were in class for the same reason as me. Interesting.

Only a few classes have passed, and I can already tell about myself, what my name is, what I do, how old I am and what year I was born. I can talk about the family and keep the conversation going: “Do you have a dog?” “No, I don’t have a dog, I have a cat.”

It's funny, but incredibly exciting.

Some interesting things about sign language

  • Sign language in different countries different, for us it is Russian Sign Language (RSL). For some reason, this is terribly disappointing for everyone, they say, they could agree on one language and they would have super-power.
  • Dactylology is a form of speech where each letter is expressed as a sign, but it is not a sign language. For example, you can edit the name or foreign word, for which there is no sign yet.
  • Deaf people read lips, so it is important for them to see not only the hands that show gestures, but also the lips that pronounce words.
  • Sign language has a different grammar and therefore uses a different word order. For example, question word is always placed at the end of a sentence.
  • Sign language is not a copy of a real language, but a full-fledged language with its own linguistic features, structure, and grammar. In sign language, the shape of the sign, its localization (the same gesture at the forehead and at the chest means different things), the nature of the movement and the non-manual component (facial expressions, turning the body, head) are important.

What I like most about my studies is that, perhaps for the first time, I am trying not to be an excellent student.

There is no need to write anything down in class - I took the notebook out of my bag after the first meeting. Yes, there is homework, but I don’t always do it. No grades or tests. I remember well what is taught in class and that’s enough for me.

How a dictionary works and how to use it

A short sign dictionary will help you, dear reader, master the vocabulary of sign speech. This is a small dictionary with about 200 gestures. Why were these particular gestures selected? Such questions inevitably arise, especially when the volume of the dictionary is small. Our dictionary was created in this way. Since the dictionary is intended primarily for teachers of the deaf, teachers and educators from schools for the deaf participated in determining the composition of the dictionary. For several years, the author offered students of the Moscow State University of Philology, working in boarding schools for the deaf, a list of gestures - “candidates” for the dictionary. And he turned to them with a request: to leave on the list only the most necessary gestures for a teacher and educator, and cross out the rest. But you can add to the list if required. All gestures that were objected to by more than 50% of expert teachers were excluded from the initial list. Conversely, the vocabulary included gestures suggested by experts if more than half of them thought it was appropriate.

The gestures included in the dictionary are mainly used in both Russian sign speech and calque sign speech. They are grouped by topic. Of course, the attribution of many gestures to one topic or another is largely arbitrary. The author here followed the tradition of compiling thematic dictionaries, and also sought to place in each group gestures that denote objects, actions, and signs, so that it would be more convenient to talk on a given topic. At the same time, gestures have continuous numbering. If you, the reader, need to remember, for example, how the gesture INTERFERE is performed, but you don’t know what it is thematic group, you have to do this. At the end of the dictionary, all gestures (naturally, their verbal designations) are arranged in alphabetical order, and the ordinal index of the INTERFERE gesture will make it easy to find it in the dictionary.

The symbols in the pictures will help you more accurately understand and reproduce the structure of the gesture.

Wishing you success in learning the vocabulary of sign speech, the author expects from you, dear reader, suggestions for improving a short sign dictionary.

Legend

GREETINGS INTRODUCTION

1. Hello 2. Goodbye

3. Thank you 4. Sorry (those)

GREETINGS INTRODUCTION

5. Name 6. Profession

7. Specialty 8. Who

GREETINGS INTRODUCTION

9. What 10. Where

11. When 12. Where

GREETINGS INTRODUCTION

13. Where 14. Why

15. Why 16. Whose

17. Man 18. Man

19. Woman 20. Child

21. Family 22. Father

23. Mother 24. Son

25. Daughter 26. Grandmother

27. Grandfather 28. Brother

29. Sister 30. Live

31. Work 32. Respect

33. Take care 34. Help

35. Interfere 36. Friendship

37. Young 38. Old

HOUSE APARTMENT

39. City 40. Village

41. Street 42. House

HOUSE APARTMENT

43. Apartment 44. Room

45. Window 46. Kitchen, cooking

HOUSE APARTMENT

47. Lavatory 48. Table

49. Chair 50. Wardrobe

HOUSE APARTMENT

51. Bed 52. TV

53. VCR 54. Do

HOUSE APARTMENT

55. Watch 56. Wash

57. Invite 58. Light

HOUSE APARTMENT

59. Cozy 60. New

61. Clean 62. Dirty

63. School 64. Class

65. Bedroom 66. Dining room

67. Director 68. Teacher

69. Educator 70. Teach

71. Study 72. Computer

73. Meeting 74. Deaf

75. Hearing impaired 76. Dactylology

77. Sign language 78. Lead

79. Instruct 80. Execute

81. Praise 82. Scold

83. Punish 84. Check

85. Agree 86. Strict

87. Kind 88. Honest

89. Lesson 90. Headphones

91. Book 92. Notebook

93. Pencils 94. Telling

95.Speak 96.Hear

101. Know 102. Don’t know

103. Understand 104. Don’t understand

105. Repeat 106. Remember

107. Remember 108. Forget

109. Think 110. I can, I can

111. I can’t 112. Make a mistake

113. Good 114. Bad

115. Attentively 116. Correct

117. Ashamed 118. Angry, angry

119. Rude 120. Polite

121. Student

122. Diligent

ON VACATION

123. Rest 124. Forest

125. River 126. Sea

ON VACATION

127. Water 128. Sun

129. Moon 130. Rain

ON VACATION

131. Snow 133. Day

132. Morning 134. Evening

ON VACATION

135. Night 136. Summer

137. Autumn 138. Spring

ON VACATION

139. Winter 140. Excursion, museum

141. Theater 142. Cinema

ON VACATION

143. Stadium 144. Physical education

145. Competition 146. Participate

ON VACATION

147. Win 148. Lose

149. Play 150. Walk

ON VACATION

151. Dance 152. Want

153. Don't want 154. Love

ON VACATION

155. Rejoice 156. Wait

157. Deceive 158. Cheerful

ON VACATION

159. Agile 160. Strong

161. Weak 162. Easy

ON VACATION

163. Difficult 164. Calm

165. White 166. Red

ON VACATION

167. Black 168. Green

OUR COUNTRY

169. Homeland

170. State 171. Moscow

OUR COUNTRY

172. People 173. Revolution

174. Party 175. President

OUR COUNTRY

176. Struggle 177. Constitution

178. Elections, choose 179. Deputy

OUR COUNTRY

180. Chairman 181. Government

182. Translator 183. Glasnost

OUR COUNTRY

184. Democracy 185. War

186. World 187. Army

OUR COUNTRY

188. Disarmament

189. Treaty 190. Space

OUR COUNTRY

191. Protect 192. Politics

WHAT DO THESE GESTURES MEAN?

193, 194. Sign name (person's name in sign language)

195. Master of his craft 196. Master of his craft (option)

WHAT DO THESE GESTURES MEAN?

197. It doesn’t concern me 198. Make mistakes

199. Don’t catch me (at home, at work) 200. Amazing,

stunning

201. Same, identical 202. Calm down after

any disturbances

203. Exhausted 204. That's it

GESTURES OF SPOKEN SIGN LANGUAGE

205. Lose sight, forget 206. “Cats are scratching at the heart”

207. Don’t be afraid to say 208. Wait a little

something in the eyes

Index of gestures in alphabetical order

army do
grandmother democracy
day
white deputy
struggle village
Brother director
polite Kind
agreement
right rain
funny house
spring Goodbye
evening daughter
video recorder friendship
attentively think
water
war wait
teacher woman
recall sign language
elections, choose live
fulfill
where is publicity deaf talk city state rude dirty walk dactylology grandpa take care
forget
For what
protect
Hello
green
winter
angry, angry
know
play
excuse me (those)
Name
pencil deceive
apartment window
movie autumn
Class rest
book father
When where
room make a mistake
computer constitution space red bed who goes where kitchen, cook
party
translator
write
Badly
win
repeat
policy
remember
easily help
forest understand
summer entrust
deft Why
moon government
love chairman
invite the president to check lose profession
mother
interfere
world
I can, I can
young sea Moscow man wash
work
rejoice
disarmament
tell
child revolution river draw Motherland scold
punish
people
headphones
don't know
I can't lead
don't understand don't want a new night
light
family
sister strong hearing impaired weak hear watch snow meeting agree sun competition bedroom thank you specialty calm stadium diligent old table dining room strict chair ashamed count son dance theater TV notebook difficult restroom
respect
street
lesson
morning
participate
teacher
learn
student
study
cosy
physical education praise good want
whose man is black honest clean read that closet school excursion museum

Hello Monday! Hello! My name is Alexey Znamensky, I will be your supervisor for self-study Russian sign language- RRY. I am 32 years old, I am an actor, director. I graduated from two institutes, State Historical Institute and VGIK, and now I work in theater and cinema. Together with the choreographer Elena, he staged the plastic performances “Without the Right to an Angel” and “The One Who First Learned What Rain Is” in the theater project “Nedoslov.” Cinema is at the script stage. (I don’t need to send them, I work with the same screenwriter:) I’ve known sign language since childhood. I went to a sign song club, and then supplemented it at the theater institute. At first I will speak in a voice, and then I will abruptly switch to voice. Therefore, if you do not understand what I said in LSL, do not hesitate, write loudly and quickly - and I will voice it quietly and more slowly. At first, try to stock up on words and gestures. Try to see and think in images, justify them logically for yourself, and connect them with associations. For example: a bird (meaning we wave our hands with our wings, plus we add the “beak” gesture) Sign language is a language in which everything is based on images, even if some gestures are not at all figurative. There are established ones, and there are logically justified ones. This can be read in SL theories. There is no need to plug your ears either, just watch and see. Be the driver in the car. In a car, you don’t hear what pedestrians say, you usually just guess. Don’t try to understand everything at once - otherwise your brain will rebel, and you will lose all desire to learn. A little bit of everything and one step at a time. Don't be discouraged if by week five you don't understand anything. It is likely that in the eighth week it will suddenly become easy for you to understand. Everyone has their own watch. In this article you can find various introductory links to choose a convenient language learning tool for yourself.

Resources and materials

1. Online dictionaries(for me personally it’s convenient to use such dictionaries; a specific word can be typed into a search engine) http://signlang.ru/ http://www.spreadthesign.com http://surdoserver.ru/ http://www.digitgestus.com 2. Courses

Where to start:

1) Warm up your arms

Warm up your fingers and hands should be done every day for 15 minutes. For those who have never spoken SL, wooden gestures will be visible at first. It's okay, everything is acquired through exercise and warm-up. Hand warm-up - for life! It is useful for all beginners, both hearing and non-hearing. Here's a great video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=30&v=lRWU-DTzLlI

2) Factology

Dactylology - manual alphabet. You need to learn it well, since many gestures begin with a letter. For example: you need - the letter N, tea - the letter H. Download the manual alphabet of RSL 1 video version of the alphabet - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Sex-znpxj0 2 video version of the alphabet – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SMlvOPOKRs 3 video versions of the alphabet ( optimal) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoCRf9AslgA Hint: Names of people and names of cities, companies, brands are always fingerprinted.

3) Practice

After learning the manual alphabet, the first exercise is to say the words “dactyl”: cheerful man, cheerful horse, cheerful day, cheerful clown school lesson, school day, school clown, school lunch red flower, red moped, red orange, red chair, etc. Clue: take any short poem and edit it. Fingers must remember the letters. Do not confuse and pay attention to “E, O and S”, “T and M”, “U and S”, “R and N”, “F and F”, “E and F”

4) Learn to speak!

Acquaintance:

Vocabulary: Friendship, Getting to know each other, Name, Hello, Bye, Goodbye, How are you, I'm working, I'm studying, Sign language, Friend, Girlfriend, Interesting, Thank you, Please (request), Do (do, did), Study( studying) Interrogative: Who, What, Where, Where, Whence, When, Why, Why, How Much, How, Which, Whose, Pronouns: I, You, You, He, She, They, We, you (plural) Mine, Yours, His (Her), Yours Try saying it yourself: My name is ..., I work/study in ... My friend, my girlfriend, Where did you meet? Where does he work? Where does he study? What is he like? What is she like? When does it work? When does she study? How are you? I'm learning sign language, I'm interested in sign language, Where are you from? Why this language? Clue: If you find it difficult to learn, you can draw a gesture under each word or describe the meaning of the gesture in words. Everyone has their own associations.

5) Independent work: searching for gestures in online dictionaries:

Sorry, forgive me, please (response to gratitude), It is clear, It is not clear, Myself, Is (is), To be (was), Will be, Therefore, Because, Live (live), City, Want (want).

6) Homework

(for those who paid for this option as part of the fee on Planeta.ru, valid from October 31 to January 25, 2016, while we are conducting the online course, then you can complete it yourself :)) Send it to me on Friday, Saturday, Sunday welcome video: you need to tell about yourself in a nutshell, where and who you work or study, explain the motivation for studying the language (for what purpose and how you will use it), what is clear to you in the lessons, what is not clear in them. Try to say it in SL, if you don’t know how, look it up. You can rehearse, you can add subtitles. Don't be afraid! I'll help.

In our classes we spent more and more time on the history of the creation of writing. But this time I wanted something different, more unusual and modern. So the idea came to mind to tell children about other languages. There are already plans:

Sign language;
- the language of spies;
- programming languages;
- Braille code.

Gestuno is the language of people with hearing impairments.

Deaf people communicate using gestures - quick hand movements accompanied by an animated facial expression. These gestures, like any other language, need to be learned. They quickly convey information to the interlocutor. Where hearing people need many words, for example: “Shall we cross the bridge?”, deaf people only need one gesture.
This capability is also used where hearing is impossible: underwater for divers or in space for astronauts working outside the spacecraft.
International alphabet of signs. Each language has its own system for designating letters or sounds.

Sign languages ​​of the deaf vary from country to country. There are television programs in which the text is “translated” for the deaf. Then in the corner of the screen you can see the announcer silently gesturing, i.e. speaks sign language.
There are more than 13 million deaf and hard of hearing people in Russia. The birth of a child with hearing impairment in a family is a difficult test both for parents and for the child himself, who needs special learning tools and, most importantly, communication with peers and family. To joy, Russian Society Glukhikh is actively working on this front. Thanks to the activities of its branches, people with hearing impairments unite and communicate with each other without feeling excluded from the social process.

There are also problems: shortage educational institutions, where people with hearing impairments are accepted for training, there is a shortage of sign language interpreters and teaching aids, allowing you to master sign language.
Russian sign language is an independent linguistic unit that is used for communication by people with hearing impairments.

Sign language does not consist only of a static figure shown by the hands - it also contains a dynamic component (the hands move in a certain way and are in a certain position relative to the face) and a facial component (the facial expression of the speaker illustrates the gesture). Also, when speaking in sign language, it is customary to “pronounce” words with your lips.

In addition to this, when communicating with people with hearing impairments, you should be extremely attentive to your posture and involuntary hand gestures - they can be misinterpreted.
The basis of sign language is the dactyl (finger) alphabet. Each letter of the Russian language corresponds to a specific gesture (see picture).

Knowledge of this alphabet will help you initially overcome the “language barrier” between you and a person with hearing impairment. But fingerprinting (spelling) is rarely used by deaf people in everyday speech. Its main purpose is to pronounce proper names, as well as terms for which their own gesture has not yet been formed.

For most words in Russian sign language, there is a gesture that denotes the entire word. At the same time, I would like to note that almost all gestures are intuitive and very logical. For example:

“Write” - we seem to take a pen and write on the palm of our hand. “Count” - we begin to bend our fingers. “Grandfather” looks a lot like a beard, doesn’t it? Sometimes in gestures for complex concepts You’re simply amazed at how precisely the essence of the subject is captured.

The structure of sign language is not at all complicated. The word order corresponds to ordinary Russian sentences. For prepositions and conjunctions of one letter, their dactyl gesture (a letter from the alphabet) is used. Verbs are neither conjugated nor inflected. To indicate time, it is enough to give a marker word (Yesterday, Tomorrow, 2 days ago) or put the “was” gesture in front of the verb.

Like any other language, Russian sign language is very living, it changes all the time and varies significantly from region to region. Benefits and educational materials They update at a snail's pace. Therefore, the recent publication of an ABC book for children with hearing impairments was a real event.

The basic gestures with which you can communicate with deaf people are quite basic:

The main difficulty is not even in mastering gestures, but in learning to “read” them from your hands. Gestures can be complex - they consist of several positions of the hand, following each other. And out of habit, it is difficult to separate the end of one gesture and the beginning of another. Therefore, learning to sign takes no less time than learning any foreign language, and maybe more.

We often see people with hearing impairments in the subway and on the street, in cafes. These are cheerful, beaming people, completely ordinary, just having different ways of communicating. Deafness does not prevent them from being happy - from having friends, a favorite job and a family. They can even sing and dance - yes, yes, people with hearing impairments can still hear music,

Today, to learn a language, it is enough to have access to the network from any device. The web is replete with sites that help you learn the intricacies foreign languages, using video tutorials. And applications for mobile devices offer you to master the program in a fun way, going through interesting tasks. But there is one unique language that differs from others in the non-verbal way of transmitting information. This is sign language. How to learn it from scratch? This article will tell you where to start and what its features are.

Russian dactyl alphabet

The dactyl alphabet is a set of 33 letters corresponding to the Russian alphabet and visually reproduced using hand gestures. Therefore, communication through dactyl is considered verbal. To indicate a particular letter, the position of the fingers changes.

More letters in the dactylic alphabet are similar to the printed ones, making them easier to learn. Using the “finger alphabet”, communication occurs between a deaf and a hearing person.

However, this method of transmitting information is secondary; it is more often used for words or phrases that do not have special gestures, for example, for the names of institutions or proper names. Video lessons will help you quickly learn the Russian dactylic alphabet; you can find them on the following resources on the Internet:

  • Youtube is the most popular video hosting site where you can select video courses on learning dactyl that are convenient for you;
  • “City of Signs” is a convenient resource for learning sign language, with a simple interface, video dictionary and constant user support;
  • Groups on the popular social network VKontakte - video lessons, dating, interesting stories from the deaf and hard of hearing.

Sign language

In communication between the deaf, two speech systems are distinguished: KZhR (calculating sign speech) and RZhR (Russian sign speech).

  • Russian sign language is used for communication between deaf and hard of hearing people in Russia. It differs from tracing sign speech in that it is not accompanied by orally, but is used for casual communication.
  • Tracing sign language is used in business communication and is accompanied by oral speech.

It is interesting that the KZhR consists not only of gestures that directly denote a word, it includes words consisting of combinations of lexical units with gestures, for example, the word “office” will be represented as follows: k+a+b (letters of the dactyl alphabet) + gesture, meaning the word "room". Also in the KZhR there are words consisting entirely of dactyls - dactyl words, example: k+o+n+s+e+r+v+a+t+o+r - “conservative”.

To master sign language and communicate freely in the language of the deaf, use all sources of information - video lessons, video dictionaries, tests, watch films in sign language and, of course, practice communication.

List of useful services, literature, courses and events for learning sign language:

  • Sign server is a simple assistant for learning sign language, including dactylic alphabets in different languages, a phrasebook, tests, and puzzles. Has a mobile version.
  • G.L. Zaitsev “Dactylology. Sign speech", "Russian sign language. Course for Beginners” - Zaitseva’s works are highlighted among the educational literature. From her books you will learn the history of the formation of sign language, its features, understand the language at a structural level and master many gestures.
  • A.A. Ignatenko “Collection of exercises and tests on sign speech.”
  • “Center for Education of the Deaf and Sign Language named after. G.L. Zaitseva" conducts courses in sign language acquisition at three levels: basic course; course for those with primary language communication skills; in-depth course. The first two courses are designed for a period of 3 months, after which you will be able to express your thoughts to the deaf.

In addition to educational activities, watch films for the deaf to consolidate your knowledge.

  • The St. Petersburg film company “Kovcheg” produces videos and films for the deaf, and also produces a video dictionary of Christian gestures. Look for specific films for the deaf on Youtube.
  • Visit the Theater of Mimicry and Gesture in Moscow, where performances are performed by deaf actors, and interpretation is provided throughout the program for hearing people. The actors play expressively, the liveliness of the performances energizes, shows the richness of sign language, and most importantly, such a performance will be equally pleasant to watch for both deaf and hearing people.

No matter what your reason for learning sign language, make learning fun and playful to make the process easier and faster. Deaf people, whether they are your family, friends or colleagues, love to communicate just as much as you do. By mastering Russian sign language, you will expand your circle of communication and help people with limited hearing.